References to Chapter 16


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2. Visalpattanasin P, Wearne KL, Armstrong BK. Trends in the uptake of smoking in Busselton, Western Australia. Community Health Stud 1987; 11 (suppl): 21s-28s.

3. Walker R. Under Fire. A History of Tobacco Smoking in Australia. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1984.

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5. US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking for women. A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Office on Smoking and Health.

6. Mahaney FX. Lung cancer rates in white males leveling off. JNCI 1992; 84: 83-84.

7. US Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Smoking and Health. A report of the Surgeon General. US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Office on Smoking and Health. DHEW Publication No (PHS) 79-50066.

8. Mackay J. Women and smoking -- summary. In: Aoki M, Hisamichi S, Tominaga S (eds): Proceedings from the Sixth World Conference on Smoking and Health, Tokyo, November, 1987. Excerpta Medica International Congress Series No 780. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers BV (Biomedical Division) 1988: 481-482.

9. US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation. A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. DHHS Publication No (CDC) 90-8416, 1990.

10. Mullins R, Borland R, Hill D. Smoking in Victoria: A profile from 1988-1990. In: Victorian Smoking and Health Program. Quit evaluation studies No 6, 1990-1991. Melbourne: Victorian Smoking and Health Program, 1992: 85-104.

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45. Jones CJ, Schiffman MH, Kurman R, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Elevated nicotine levels in cervical lavages from passive smokers. Am J Public Health 1991; 81:378-379.

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47. Davis RL, Tollestrup K, Milham S. Trends in teenage smoking during pregnancy. Am J Dis Child 1990; 144: 1297-1301.

48. Miller SK, Slap GB. Adolescent smoking. A review of prevalence and prevention. Society for Adolescent Medicine 1989; 10: 129-135.

49. US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: Cancer. A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office on Smoking and Health, 1982. DHHS Publication No (PHS) 82-50179.

50. US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking. Nicotine Addiction. A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Health Promotion and Education, Office on Smoking and Health, 1988. DHHS Publication No (CDC) 88-8406.

51. Stergachis A, Scholes D, Daling JR, Weiss NS, Chu J. Maternal cigarette smoking and the risk of tubal pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133: 332-337.

52. Coste J, Job-Spira N, Fernandez H, Papiernik E, Spira A. Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a case-control study in France, with special focus on infectious factors. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133: 839-849.

53. Coste J, Job-Spira N, Fernandez H. Increased risk of ectopic pregnancy with maternal cigarette smoking. Am J Public health 1991; 81: 199-201.

54. US Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years of Progress. A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 1989. DHHS Publication No (CDC) 89-8411.

55. Davis DL. Paternal smoking and fetal health [Letter]. Lancet 1991; 337:123.

56. Rubin DH, Krasilnikoff PA, Leventhal JM, Weile B, Berget A. Effect of passive smoking on birth-weight. Lancet 1986; 2: 415-417.

57. Martin TR, Bracken MB. Association of low birth weight with passive smoke exposure in pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 1986; 124: 633-642.

58. Windham GC, Swan SH, Fenster L. Parental cigarette smoking and the risk of spontaneous abortion. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 135:1394-1403.

59. Landau L. Annotation: Passive smoking in childhood. Aust Paediatr J 1988; 24: 271-272.

60. Haglund B, Cnattingius S. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: a population-based study. Am J Public Health 1990; 80: 29-32.

61. Southall DP, Samuels MP. Reducing risks in the sudden infant death syndrome [Editorial]. Br Med J 1992; 304: 265-266.

62. Reducing the risks of cot death. Sudden Infant Death Research Foundation Inc. Malvern, Victoria: Sudden Infant Death Research Foundation Inc, 1991.

63. Schoendorf KC, Kiely JL. Relationship of sudden infant death syndrome to maternal smoking during and after pregnancy. Pediatrics 1992; 90: 905-906.

64. John EM, Savitz DA, Sandler DP. Prenatal exposure to parents' smoking and childhood cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133: 123-132.

65. Pershagen G, Ericson A, Otterblad-Olausson P. Maternal smoking in pregnancy: does it increase the risk of childhood cancer? Int J Epidemiol 1992; 21: 1-5.

66. Weitzman M, Gortmaker S, Sobol A. Maternal smoking and behaviour problems of children. Pediatrics 1992: 90: 342-349.

67. Working Party on Smoking and the Young, Royal College of Physicians of London. Smoking and the Young. London: Royal College of Physicians of London, 1992.

68. Newnham JP. Smoking in pregnancy. Fetal Medicine Review 1991; 3: 115-132.

69. Holman CDJ, Hatton WM, Armstrong BK, English DR. Cancer mortality trends in Australia Vol II 1910-1984. Health Department of Western Australia Occasional Paper/18. Perth: Health Department of Western Australia, 1987.

70. Hill DJ. Australian patterns of tobacco smoking in 1986. Med J Aust 1988; 149: 6-10.

71. Peto R. Influence of dose and duration of smoking on lung cancer rates. In: Zaridze DG, Peto R (eds). Tobacco: A major international health hazard. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1986: 23-33.

72. Giles G. Lung Cancer: Epidemiological Features. In: Canstat: A Digest of Facts and Figures on Cancer, published by the Victorian Cancer Registry, Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria. 1984; 4: 3.

73. American Cancer Society. Cancer facts and figures-1988. New York: American Cancer Society, 1988. As cited in: US Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 1989. DHHS Publication No (CDC) 89-8411.

74. Gillis CR, Hole DJ, Lamont DW, Graham AC, Ramage S. The incidences of lung cancer and breast cancer in women in Glasgow. Br Med J 1992; 305: 1331.

75. White V. Unpublished data. Melbourne: Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria, 1992.

76. Giles G. Changes in age-standardised cancer mortality rates: Australia 1980-84/1985-89. Unpublished data. Cancer Epidemiology Centre of the Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria.

77. Anonymous. Targeting the female smoker. Tobacco Reporter 1983 April: 44-45.

78. There are many examples, one being an advertisement for Ogden's Guinea Gold Cigarettes in the Australian Bulletin in the 1880s. Rolfe P (ed). Clotted Rot for Clots and Rotters. Sydney: Wildcat Press, 1980: 125. See also Plate opposite page 86 in Walker (Reference 3 above).

79. Ernster V. Mixed messages for women. A social history of cigarette smoking and advertising. New York State Journal of Medicine 1985; 85: 335-340.

80. Tye J. Tye testifies as congressional hearings on cigarette advertising in movies. Tobacco and Youth Reporter 1989; 4 (Autumn): 17.

81. Jacobson B. Beating the ladykillers. Women and smoking. Leichhardt, New South Wales: Pluto Press, 1986.

82. Silberberg J, Magnus P. What will we tell the public? The coverage of cigarette smoking by Australian magazines. Sydney: Action on Smoking and Health Ltd, 1988.

83. Better Health Commission. Looking forward to better health. Volume 1, Final Report. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1986.

84. Shoebridge N. Wills faces up to the new rules of the game. Business Review Weekly 1990 May 25: 78-81.

85. Anonymous. Price lists for cigarettes. Australian Retail Tobacconist 1994 August: 10-15.

86. Anonymous. Brand News. Spring Lemon Lights offers an appealing new twist. Tobacco Reporter 1989 June: 40.

87. Anonymous. West Lemon Fresh is summer sensation. Tobacco Reporter 1991 November: 49.

88. Anonymous. United States: RJR still backing high-tech products. World Tobacco 1989 May: 7.

89. Anonymous. Light up and puff to perfume. Daily Mirror 1989 February 3: 19.

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96. Howarth F. Young women and smoking -- Australia's national campaign. In: Durston B, Jamrozik K. (eds). Tobacco and health 1990 -- the Global War. Proceedings of the Seventh World Conference on Tobacco and Health, 1-5 April 1990, Perth, Western Australia. Perth: Health Department of Western Australia, 1990: 934-937.

97. Commonwealth Department of Health, Housing and Community Services. Statistics on drug abuse in Australia 1992. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1992.

98. Looking Forward to Better Health. Report of the Better Health Commission, Volume 1, Final Report. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1986.

99. Nordgren P. Renewal of health warnings: lessons learned in Sweden. World Smoking and Health (American Cancer Society). 1991; 16 (3): 12-14.

100 Government of Australia. Trade Practices (Consumer Product Information Standards)(Tobacco) Regulations. Statutory Rules 1994 No 83 (29 March 1994).

101. Borland R, Hill D. Public response to the 1986 Quit campaign. Results of a household survey. In: Victorian Smoking and Health Program. Quit evaluation studies No 2. Activities for the year 1986. Melbourne: Victorian Smoking and Health Program, 1988: 10-29.

102. Borland R, Naccarella L, Hill D. Public response to the 1988 Quit campaign: the 1988 Household Survey. In: Victorian Smoking and Health Program. Quit Evaluation Studies No 4 1988. Melbourne: Victorian Smoking and Health Program, 1990: 30-55.

103. Naccarella L, Hill D, Borland R. Public response to the 1989 Quit campaign: the 1989 Household Survey. In: Victorian Smoking and Health Program. Quit Evaluation Studies No 5 1989. Melbourne: Victorian Smoking and Health Program, 1991: 10-26.

104. South Australian Smoking and Health Project. Evaluation Report 1989 No 1. Adelaide: South Australian Smoking and Health Project, 1991: 66.

105. Farley TMM, Meirik O, Chang CL, Poulter NR. Combined oral contraceptives, smoking and cardiovacsular risk. J Epidemiol Community Health 1998; 52: 775-785.

106. Schiff I, Bell WR, Davis V et al. Oral contraceptives and smoking, current considerations: recommendations of a consensus panel. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 180: S383-384.

107. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Australia's Health 2000: the seventh biennial health report of the Australian Institute of health and welfare. Canberra: AIHW, 2000.

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