Index
The page numbers shown below refer to the printed version of the book. To retrieve information from the WWW version, use index entries as keywords for searching.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y |
A
Aborigines 17-18
...Better Health Outcomes policy 357
...mortality 63
absenteeism 60, 124-25
...from school and passive smoking 80
abstinence see quitting
academic performance and uptake 179
access to tobacco products see availability
accidental advertising 271-72, 278
accidents and smoking 124
ACIL Economics and Policy 159, 162-64
ACOSH 111
...address 341
ACT see Australian Capital Territory
Action on Smoking and Health see ASH
active smoking see smoking prevalence
activist bodies' addresses 341-42
actors see movies
ACTU on workplace smoking 125, 358-59
acupuncture as cessation aid 202, 362
ACVA Pacific on indoor pollution 257
addiction 163-64, 185-88, see also nicotine
...health warning 98
...legal action for expenses 262
...manipulation of nicotine content 90
...nicotine dependence test 187, 360
...price elasticity 150
...quit courses 199
...smokeless tobacco 167
...teenagers' attitudes 175
...and tobacco legality 298
...younger people 28, 47
additives 57, 101-02
adolescents see teenagers
adults, young see young adults
advertising 271-301, 358, see also children and advertising
...anti-smoking 213, 216, 275, 281, 326
...Asia Pacific region 224
...further reading 397
...movie stars 323
...nicotine gum and patches 88
...passive smoking legal case 109-14, 256
...Paul Hogan and Winfield 235-36, 239, 286
...policies 350, 356, 364-65, 368, 374-76, 378, 380-82
...women 296, 309-10, 323-24
advertising industry 216, 291, 300, 300-301
...revenue from health groups 216, 274
advertising restrictions 2-4, 271-76, 290-99, see also voluntary advertising code
...ACS policy goal 367
...for alcohol 358
...exemptions 272, 277, 282
...legislative loopholes 281-82, 288
...public attitudes to 301, 301
...tobacco industry lobbying 253-54
Advertising Standards Council 111, 256, 275, 290
aeroplanes see aircraft
age see older smokers; young people
age of smoking uptake 42-43, 175
agricultural chemicals in tobacco 100-101
AIDS see HIV and smoking
air pollution 54-56, 55, 83, see also indoor air pollution
aircraft smoking 118
...bans 127, 130-32, 255
airflow obstruction 43-44
alcohol 60, 187-88
...advertising bans 358
...organisation addresses 343-344
...Philip Morris brands 235
...and smoking cancer risk 44
...and uptake and relapses 177, 325
alertness see stimulation
Alexander Group 238, 277
Allens Sweets Rothmans' interest 227
Alpine 240, 293
...parallel promotions 288-89
...and women 296, 323-24
Alzheimer's disease 59
Amatil 222, 231
...sports sponsorship 277
amenorrhea 318
American Cancer Society 110
American Heart Association 81
American Medical Association 294
amount see quantity of tobacco
AMP Society and Wills shares 223
amputation 40
...and diabetes 47
anal cancer 45
analgesia for surgery 370
angina 39
...and nicotine patches 200
Ansett smoking bans 132
Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria 340
...cigarette testing 90
...passive smoking surveys 84, 83
...restaurant survey 129, 129
anti-smoking advertising see advertising, anti-smoking
anti-smoking campaigns 5-6, 211-18, 355, 360, see also health promotion; smoking control policies
...and teenagers 180-81
anti-smoking legislation see legislation
anti-tobacco pressure groups see lobbying by health groups
Anzpac Services 231
aortic aneurysm 40
appetite 48, 180, see also body weight
...and cystic fibrosis 82
arbitration and workplace smoking 125-27
army, smoking policy 122
arsenic in smoke 89, 96
arteries see atherosclerosis
arts sponsorship 278
...Health Promotion Foundations 216
...public attitude to bans 301
asbestos exposure 83
...synergistic with smoking 54
ASH 111
...address 341
Asian markets 223-26, 228-29, see also developing countries
Asian Tobacco Council 127, 255
asthma and passive smoking 53, 78, 80-81, 111-12, 116-19
atherosclerosis 38-40
...and diabetes 47
attempts to quit see quitting
attitudes 128, see also knowledge and beliefs
...from advertising 326
...to advertising 177, 294, 301, 301
...to quitting 193-94, 193-95, 326-28, 327
...to school 179
...to smoking 175, 180, 309, 325-26
...to smoking bans 122-23, 128-31, 129-30, 133, 134
...to taxation 155, 155
...to tobacco industry representatives 263, 263
Attorney-General 109, 212
Australian Ballet sponsorship 278, 281
Australian Broadcasting Tribunal 278
Australian Bureau of Statistics 162
Australian Cancer Society 261, 351, 365-68
Australian Capital Territory
...advertising 274, 283
...QUITS campaign 213
...Smokefree Areas Act 108
...smokeless tobacco 170
Australian Capital Territory Health Promotion Fund 216, 274, 345
Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry 358-59
Australian College of Paediatrics 371-73
Australian Council on Smoking and Health 111
...address 341
Australian Council of Trade Unions see ACTU
Australian Cricket Board sponsorship 281-82
Australian Federation of Consumer Organisations' court case 109-14, 256
Australian Flight Attendants Association 131
Australian Formulary and Handbook 385
Australian Government Analytical Laboratories 91, 93
...pesticide residues 100
Australian Health Ministers' Advisory Council 350-51
Australian Medical Association 261, 368-69, 380-81
Australian Rules Escort Cup 281
Australian Stock Exchange listings 221, 223, 232-33
Australian Tar Tables 93, see also Smoke Yield Table
Australian Tobacco Board 247-48, 251
Australian Tobacco Leaf Corporation 248
Australian Tobacco Marketing Advisory Committee 247-48
Australian Tobacco Research Foundation 94, 260-61
Australian Women's Weekly 256, 259, 296
availability 353, 367-68, see also sales to minors
...and uptake 178-79
aversion therapy 202, 361
B
back pain 50
ballet sponsorship 278, 281
bans see also advertising restrictions; legislation; workplace smoking policies
...confectionary cigarettes 178
...smokeless tobacco 167, 171-72
Bantu tribes and snuff 169
BAT (British American Tobacco) Industries 231-32
beedies 66
...imports 226
beliefs see knowledge and beliefs
Belmont 25s 246
benefits from smoking 180
...economic 159, 161-64
...health 58-59, 62
Benoas Pty Ltd 226
Benson & Hedges 231, 236, 287
...popular with children 293
...promotion 277-78, 281-82, 286
benzodiazepines 362
Better Health Commission 350-51
Better Health Outcomes for Australians 355-58
bidis see beedies
billboard advertising 271-72, see also print advertising
...health warnings 97
...Paul Hogan and Winfield 239
...restrictions 275, 301, 364
bladder cancer 45
...effect of quitting 204
Blewett Dr Neal 97, 212, 350
...advertising bans 271
blockade therapy 201
blood cancers 45-46
blood pressure 48
...improves on quitting 204
blue collar workers see occupational group
Boddewyn, Prof. Jean 298
body weight 48, 186
...gain on quitting 194, 203, 326, 327, 328, 361
...motivation to smoke 180, 310, 314, 323, 325
Bolkus, Nick, on smokeless tobacco 170-71
bone density and smoking 52, 318
boys see men and smoking; school students
brain cancer and parental smoking 82
brand names 95
...confectionary cigarettes 177-78
...on non-tobacco products 273, 288-89, 364
brand market share 235-37, 236-37
Brandon Slims 239
brands 230, 233-34, 237-39, 277, 287, 323-24, see also lower tar cigarettes; names of specific brands; product development
...advertising 273, 284-87, 291, 294, 297-98
...cheapest 147, 147-48
...and children 237, 238, 280-81, 293
...expensive 238, 240, 242, 273
...lower nicotine 361
...loyalty to 147-48, 273, 291, 297-98
...packaging 93, 95, 286
...recognition of 280-81, 286, 293
...smoke yield comparison 391
...viability 99, 273
breast cancer compared with lung cancer 42, 42-43
British Department of Health 292
broadcast media see radio advertising; television advertising
Broadcasting Act 279-80
bronchioloalveolar carcinoma 46
bronchitis 60, 63
...and occupational exposure 54
...and passive smoking 80
Brown & Williamson promotions 285, 294
burns 49, see also fire risk
buses smoking bans 131
C
Cabrino Pty Ltd 226
cadmium in cigarette smoke 89
cafes, smoking legislation 108
Cambridge advertisements 286
Camel 286, 295
...advertising 285, 293-94
...mini-filters 245
campaigns see anti-smoking campaigns
Canada 152
...aircraft smoking bans 132
...farmers' losses 251
...on freedom of speech 299
...health warnings 96
...legislation and consumption 292
...point-of-sale advertising 283
...taxation 152, 154-55
...tobacco constituents 93, 101
cancer 44-47, see also carcinogens; children's health; names of specific cancers
...effect of quitting 204
...from metals in smoke 89
...and passive smoking 79
...smokeless tobacco 167-69
Cancer Societies see also Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria; Australian Cancer Society; New South Wales Cancer Council
...addresses 339-40
cannabis 66
car accidents 50, 160
car racing sponsorship 278, 280-82
carbon monoxide 87-88
...crosses the placenta 52
...levels and labelling 31-32, 33, 89-96, 391
...physiological effects 46, 50, 88
...reduces on quitting 204
carcinogens 44, 87, see also cancer
...as approved additives 102
...in cannabis 66
...cross the placenta 52
...environmental tobacco smoke 77, 80, 108
...low tar cigarettes 57
...roll-on tobacco 201
...smokeless tobacco 167-68, 170-71
cardiac death 39
...passive smoking 81
cardiovascular disease 38-40, see also names of specific diseases
...and contraceptive pill 51, 317
...and diabetes 47
...effect of quitting 204
...and low tar cigarettes 56
...and passive smoking 79, 81, 83
...pipe and cigar smokers 58
...and socioeconomic group 62-63
Carroll, Sean, compensation 114, 116
Cartier 323
...non-tobacco products 273, 289
cartons, package labelling 94
cartoon characters in advertising 293-94
casinos, passive smoking 115
cataracts 49-50
Central Sydney Health Promotion Unit 130
Central Tobacco Advisory Council 251
Central Tobacco beedie imports 226
Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer 192
cerebrovascular accident see stroke
cervical cancer 45, 318
...effect of quitting 204
...and passive smoking 82
cessation see quitting
chain-smoking movie characters 284-85
Channel 10 and sponsorship advertising 279-80
cheek cancers 45
chewing gum
...nicotine 87-88, 195, 199-200, 362-63
...smokeless tobacco 244
chewing tobacco 167, 171, see also smokeless tobacco
...Aborigines 17-18
...and cancer 45, 167-68
children and advertising 176-77, 292-95, 299
...attitudes to 177, 294
...imagery 293-94, 314
...sponsorship 280-81, 295
...voluntary code 283
...Winfield advertising 275
children and smoking 175-81, 299, see also sales to minors; school students
...and brands 237, 238, 280-81, 293
...financial aspects 150-51
...policies 354, 375
...prevalence 13, 13-14, 313, 313-14
...uptake 13, 175-81, 218, 294, 313-14
children's health 52-53, 318-20, see also asthma; foetal health; parental smoking
...benefits of mother quitting 204-5
...burns from cigarettes 49
...health warning 99
...passive smoking 53, 78-82, 83, 112, 120, 257, 372-73
...poisoning from ingesting nicotine 49, 87
China 233
...tobacco farming 246
chromium in cigarette smoke 89
chronic bronchitis see bronchitis
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 43-44
...effect of quitting 205
...pipe and cigar smokers 58
Cigarette Advertising Code see voluntary advertising codes
cigarette cartons, package labelling 94
cigarette making kits 154
cigarettes 87-102, 95, see also manufacture; smoke; smoking; tobacco
...smokeless 244-45
...v. other tobacco use 28-29, 29
cigars 28, 29, 93
...brands 230, 234
...health effects 58
...health warnings 97-98
...imports 225-26
ciliatoxic agents 88-89
cinema advertising 239, 271-72
...National Campaign Against Drug Abuse 326
cinemas, smoking policies 133
circulatory disease 47, 63
Claridge advertisements 286
Clinton, Bill, on taxation 150
clonidine 201, 362
clove cigarettes 66, 91, 224, 226, 229
COLD see chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Commodore 236
Commonwealth see Federal
community attitudes see attitudes
community awareness see knowledge and beliefs
community education see education programs
Community Health Program 212
community information see information provision
compensation for passive smoking 114-18
...workers 108, 113-19, 255
compensatory smoking 56-57, 88
...workplace smoking bans 123
concentration and nicotine 186
conception 51, 317-18
confectionery cigarettes 177-78
confectionery companies 233
Confederation of Australian Motor Sport 282
connective tissue damage 50
constituents see carbon monoxide; nicotine; package labelling; smoke; tar content
consumer knowledge see smokers' knowledge and beliefs
consumer movement see Australian Federation of Consumer Organisations
Consumer Price Index 152-53, 355-56
...and federal excise 141-42, 152-53
...policies 368, 378
consumer spending see price of cigarettes
consumer surplus 162-63
consumption 23-33, 23-25, 27-33, 30, 241, see also sales
...and advertising 291-92, 297-98
...gender differences 315-17, 316
...and lung cancer trends 43
...smokeless tobacco 169-70
...and taxation 143, 150-53
...and workplace smoking bans 123, 127, 255
contents see carbon monoxide; nicotine; package labelling; smoke; tar content
contraceptive pill 40, 51, 317, see also oestrogens
...drug interactions 187
...pharmacists role 383
COPD see chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
coronary heart disease 39, 47, 88
...effect of quitting 204
...and passive smoking 79
...policies 375
corporate image 261, 281
Corrected Particulate Matter see tar
cost of living see Consumer Price Index
costs see also economic costs of smoking; funding
...advertising 276-77
...anti-smoking education 215, 215-16
cot death see sudden infant death syndrome
cotinine 186
coughs 44, 47, 82
Council for Tobacco Research 259
counselling 202-3
...policies 384-86
country of birth, smoking trends 16, 17
coupons as inducements 273
court hearings see Federal court; legal action
courtesy of smokers 128, 258
cricket sponsorship 278, 281-82
Crohn's disease 49
customs minister see National Drug Strategy
cut leaf imports 225
cystic fibrosis and passive smoking 82
D
Davidoff (cigar) 238, 277
DDT residue in tobacco 100-101
death certificates 61, 377
deaths 37-38, 38, 42, 61, 62, 63, 161, 322, 322, see also specific diseases
...babies 373
...former smokers 204-5
...gender differences 310, 320, 320-21
...health warnings 98
...lung cancer 41-43, 41-43, 61, 63, 320-21, 320-21
...passive smoking 82-84
demand 150, 150-51, 153, 162-63
denial of risk 64, 193
Department of Human Services and Health 355-58
...on economic cost 159-60
Department of Occupational Health Safety and Welfare 114-15
Departments of Health
...addresses 344-45
...Britain 292
...Commonwealth workplace smoking 122
...Health Promotion Council 216
...NSW compensation payment 114, 116
...WA 178-79, 216, 275
dependence see addiction
depressed mood see mood and smoking
developed countries 18, 26
...tobacco deaths 38
developing countries 18, 26
...further reading 397-98
...markets and 223-26, 228-29, 310
...operations 232-33
...RACP policy 377
...tobacco deaths 38
...tobacco tariffs 249-50
diabetes and smoking 47
dieldrin residue in tobacco 100-101
direct mail advertising 288
Director of Public Prosecutions 279-80
Disability Discrimination Acts 119
discounted prices see price discounting
discrimination and smoking bans 114, 129, 258
disease 37, 59-61, 94, 260, 310, 320-22, see also deaths; health effects
...and absenteeism 124-25
...former smokers 204
...intangible costs 161
...smokeless tobacco 168, 170
distribution 230, 233
diversification 222-23
doctors 196-98, 214, see also paediatricians
...policies 368-81
...smoking rates 15
Dollisson, John 259
domestic aircraft see aircraft
Drug Abuse Among Youth report 363-65
drug and alcohol organisations 213
...addresses 343-44
drug interactions see medications, interactions
Drug Offensive 213
...address 344
drug therapy see medications
drug use 160, 185, see also addiction
...and tobacco use 177, 188
Drugs, Crime and Society report 358
Drum (tobacco) 288
Dukes advertisements 286
Dunhill 323
...non-tobacco products 273, 289
Dunne, Thomas, compensation 119
duodenal ulcers see peptic ulcers
Dutch Foundation on Smoking and Health 110
duty see federal excise
dysrhythmias 39
E
ear problems 80
...otitis media 112
early onset see age of smoking uptake
economic benefits of smoking 159, 161-64
economic costs of smoking 159-64, 160, 363, see also price of cigarettes
...further reading 396
economy smokers see price sensitive smokers
editorial compromise, and advertising 290
education of doctors 376-78
education of pharmacists 384
education programs 193, 211-16, 215, see also health promotion; information provision
...and children 51, 178-81
...gender differences 310, 325-26
...policies 349, 354, 357, 359, 366, 368, 373, 380-82, 384, 386, 751
...residential care 132
...self-help materials 211-12, 362-63
...sportspersons gagged 281
educational level 328, see also socioeconomic group
...anti-smoking campaigns 217-18
...gender differences 311, 315, 316
...respiratory disease 63
...smoking prevalence 15-16, 16, 315, 316
Edwards, Mr Ronald 131
elasticity of demand 150, 150-51, 153, 162-63
elderly see older smokers
Elle (cigarette) 245, 324
embedded advertising see product placement
emotion see mood and smoking
emphysema 44, 63-64
...legal cases 116, 262
employees see also occupational group; trade unions; workers' compensation
...absenteeism 60, 124-25
...dismissal for smoking 121-22
...employment prospects 222, 232, 251
...smoking uptake at work 181
...of tobacco industry 119-20, 263, 263, 298
...and workplace safety 108, 121, 126-27
employers and workplace safety 107-9, 121, 126-27
...cost of smoking breaks 123
...restaurateurs 131
endometrial cancer 58-59
entertainment areas 108, 115, 119, 133, see also restaurants
Environmental Protection Agency (US) 79-80, 108, 254
environmental tobacco smoke 55-56, 77, 79-80, see also passive smoking
epidemiologists in Morling judgement 111
equal opportunity law 114
Escort sponsorship 281
esophageal cancer see oesophageal cancer
estrogens see oestrogens
Europe
...additives 102
...health warnings 96, 98
...Philip Morris 233
...smokeless tobacco 171
ex-smokers see quit proportion
excise see federal excise
exemptions to advertising bans 282
exercise, and younger smokers 46-47
exhaled mainstream smoke 77, see also passive smoking
...RJ Reynolds ads 256-57
expenditure see costs; funding; price of cigarettes
experimental smokers see new smokers; uptake of smoking
exports 226, 227, 249-50
...to avoid licence fees 144
exposure of smokers see consumption; machine testing of smoke
exposure to smoke see environmental tobacco smoke
eyes and eyesight 49-50
F
facial appearance 50-51
Factories, Shops and Industries Act 109
factory made cigarettes see cigarettes; manufacture
Faculty of Anaesthetists policy 369-71
Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence 187, 360
Fair Go smokers' rights organisation 257-58
families, and smoking uptake 176, 180
fashion 286, 323
faster cigarettes 245
Federal Airports Corporation 132
Federal Court 254, see also Morling judgement
...Industrial Division 121-22
...sponsorship prosecutions 278-80
federal excise 141-42, 142-43, 146, 152-54, 249-50, see also taxation
...duty-free tobacco 356
...non-cigarette tobacco 141, 142
...policies 152-53, 355-56, 367, 378
...school students' share 145, 175
...and tobacco weight 89
...wholesale 142
federal government 212-13, 389-90, see also government action; legislation and regulations
...aircraft smoking bans 131
...labelling and limits 90-91, 93-95
...public places smoking 108
...sponsorship inquiry 279
female smokers see women and smoking
Ferguson, Mr Martin 125
fertility 51, 317-18
fetal see foetal health
Fiji, Rothmans sponsorship 229
films see movies
filters 56, 246
...and machine testing 92
...vitamin C in 245
financial see costs; economic costs
fire risks 126, 131-32, 262
...deaths 49
fitness, younger smokers 46-47
flatulence, right to compared with smoking 128-29
flavoured cigarettes 89, 101-2, 245-46, 324
foetal health 52-53, 56, 318-20, see also pregnant smokers
...College of Paediatrics policy 372-73
...foetal tobacco syndrome 53, 319
...health warning 99
...nicotine patches 200
food preparation and smoking bans 131
football sponsorship 277-81
FOREST smokers' organisation 257-58
former smokers see quit proportion
Formula One Grand Prix 282
Foundation South Australia 215-16, 261, 274, 345
Fraser, Malcolm, advertising bans 271
fraud 262
...Rothmans executive 280
free samples 276
Freeport parallel promotions 289
friends see peers
funding see also costs; research funding
...for education 354
...health promotion 133, 212, 215, 383
...lobbying 253
...sponsorships 216-17
G
gastric ulcers 47
...effect of quitting 205
gender differences see men and smoking; women and smoking
general practitioners see doctors
generic packaging 241, 287
...policies 356, 367
Germany 287
...additives regulated 101
...peer group advertising 295
GIFT programs, and smoking 318
girls see school students; women and smoking
glue ear 80, see also ear problems
Going Smokefree (NHF), 120
government action 2-3, see also legislation and regulations
...policies 152-53, 348-63, 368, 374, 378, 380-81
...tobacco growing assistance 247-51, 368, 374, 378, 380-81
government revenue see taxation
government tobacco factories 224
Grand Prix sponsorship 278, 282
Graves' ophthalmopathy 49
grocery outlets, retail sales 243, 243
grow your own tobacco 154
growing see tobacco growing
Gudang Garam King Size 91
gum cancers 45
gum diseases from smokeless tobacco 167
H
habitual smokers 187, see also addiction; chain-smoking
hashish see cannabis
healing 47, 49
health care costs 159, 162-64, see also economic costs
Health Departments see Departments of Health
health education see education programs
health effects 37-67, 87-88, see also deaths; disease; passive smoking
...benefits from quitting 67, 203-5
...benefits from smoking 58-59, 62
...further reading on 393-94
...gender differences 310, 317-22
...policies 360, 375
...smokeless tobacco 167-69
...smokers' beliefs 64, 65, 163-64, 375-76
...workplace bans 125
Health For All Australians 350-51
health funds and quit services 354
health information see information provision
health legislation see legislation and regulations
health lobby see lobbying by health groups
health ministers 131
...Advisory Council 350-51
...Dr Neal Blewett 97, 212, 271, 350
...health warnings 96-98
...National Drug Strategy 212, 214
...voluntary code discussions 274
health organisations' policies 337-47, 365-68
health policies see smoking control policies
health professionals 196-98, see also doctors; MOP UP
...developing countries 224
...information resources 214, 382
...policies 354, 357, 359, 367-85
health promotion 64, 197, see also advertising, anti-smoking; anti-smoking campaigns; education programs; health warnings; Quit campaigns
...funding 133, 212, 215, 383
...media campaigns 213-14, 217-18, 359
...reaching women 309-10
...smokeless tobacco 167
...sponsorships 216, 281
...taxation 143, 151-52
...workplace 123
Health Promotion Foundations 215-17, 274, 345-46
...alternative sponsorship 281
...policy proposals 365
...and tobacco industry funding 261
Health Targets and Implementation Committee 350-51
health warnings 96-99, 100, 213, 326, see also package labelling
...and advertising 275-76, 283
...movie credits 285
...policies 364-65, 367-68, 374, 378, 382
...smokeless tobacco 171
...Warning -- Smoking is a health hazard 96
Healthway (WA), 133
Healthy Buildings International 257
heart attack 39
...and contraceptive pill 51, 317
heart disease 38-39, see also cardiovascular disease
...health warning 98
...and nicotine patches 200
...tobacco employees 119
height, and parental smoking 80
herbal cigarettes 65-66, 202
herbal preparations as cessation aids 202
history of tobacco use 1-2, 309
...Aborigines 17-18
...further reading 396
HIV and smoking 48
Hogan, Paul, and Winfield 235-36, 239, 275, 286
Holiday 240, 242, 277
home environment see parental smoking
Horizon 231, 236, 240
...and price discounting 242
hospital pharmacists, policy 384
hospitalisation 59-61, 60
...children from passive smoking 80
hospitality industry, self-regulation 130
hospitals smoking in 122, 132
...policies 372, 380-81
hostels 132
household exposure see parental smoking
Hungry Jack's smokefree 131
hydrogen cyanide in smoke 88-89
hypertension 48
...improves on quitting 204
hypertension of pregnancy 59
hypnosis 202-3
...NCADA policy 362
I
illness see disease
image of smoking 286, see also corporate image
...movie stars 323
immunological effects 48-49, 370
imports 225-26, 226, 227
...and package labelling 99, 239
...policy on new goods 382
...smokeless tobacco prohibited 168
...tax 144, 249-50
impotence 53
incidental advertising 271-72, 278, see also product placement
indigenous tobaccos 17-18
Indonesia 224
...kretek competition 224, 229
indoor air pollution 55-56, 257, see also environmental tobacco smoke
...Labor Council policy 385-86
industrial accidents see workplace safety
Industrial Court compensation 119-20
Industrial Division (Federal Court), unfair dismissal 121-22
Industry Commission
...economic cost and benefit 159, 162-63
...report on tobacco farming 246-51
...tariff recommendations 153
...and workplace smoking policies 125-27
infant health see children's health
infertility 51, 317-18
inflation and taxation 152
influenza infection 48
information provision 211-12, 214, see also advertising; education programs; package labelling
...policies 356-57, 368, 373, 378, 382, 385
...telephone 98, 214, 356, 365
...in tobacco advertising 299
...for women 325-26
...women's magazines 290, 324
INFOTAB 252-54, 298
initiation see uptake of smoking
insecticide residues 100-101
Institute of Cancer Research 110
insulin and smoking 39, 186-87, 383
insurance companies
...policies on premiums 369, 380-82, 384
...and tobacco company investments 223, 228-29, 232
...and workplace smoking bans 385
Insurance Council of Australia 114
intake see consumption; machine testing of smoke
intention to quit 191, 194, 328
intention to smoke 177
International Agency for Research on Cancer 167-68
international aspects 348, see also developing countries; overseas markets and operations
...aircraft smoking bans 132
...consumption 26, 27
...duty-free tobacco 356
...smokeless tobacco 167, 169, 171
...smoking rates 16, 17, 18, 19
...taxation 149, 149-50, 152, 155
...tobacco in CPI 153
International Civil Aviation Organisation 132
International Standards Organization 93-94
International Union Against Cancer 348
investment in tobacco companies 223-25, see also shareholders
involuntary smoking see passive smoking
irritability and quitting 326, 327
irritant effects of tobacco smoke 77-78
ischaemic heart disease 39, 60-61, 63
...and passive smoking 81
IVF programs and smoking 318
J
Jacob Suchard AG 233
Joe Camel 293-94
John Player Premium Blend 231
joint ventures 224, 229
journals advertising 272
K
Keating, Paul, and federal excise 141
Kentucky Fried Chicken smokefree 131
kidney cancer 45
Kiribati, no health warnings 224
knowledge and beliefs see also attitudes; smokers' knowledge and beliefs
...health risks 64, 217
...passive smoking health risks 84, 83
Kogarah Council, smoking policy 126
Kool advertising 294
Kraft Foods 233-35
kreteks 66, 91, 224, 226, 229
L
labelling see package labelling
Labor Council see New South Wales Labor Council
laboratory testing see machine testing of smoke
labour complications 52
larger packs see pack size
Lark cigarettes in movies 285
laryngeal cancer 44-45, 57
...effect of quitting 204
...pipe and cigar smoking 58
...smokeless tobacco 168
law see legal action; legislation
leaf see tobacco leaf
Lees, Brian, compensation 119-20
legal action 114-20, see also compensation; Morling judgement
...product liability 262-63
...and tobacco industry 222, 256-57, 299
legislation and regulations 389-90, see also advertising restrictions; bans; federal government; prosecutions; state legislation
...further reading 395
...health warnings 96-98
...policies 360, 369, 374, 378, 380-81
...smokeless tobacco 170-71
...tobacco industry response 252, 254
Legislative Council Standing Committee on Social Issues 363-65
leukaemia 45-46
...and parental smoking 53, 82
libraries and advertising 272
licence fees see state and territory licence fees
licensed premises 108
Life on the Beach promotion 289
life expectancy see deaths
life insurance see insurance companies
'light' cigarettes 95, see also lower tar cigarettes
lighter cigarettes see quantity of tobacco
litigation see legal action
littering of butts and packages 258
liver cancer 46
lobbying by health groups
...industry response 253-54
...RACP policy 378
...voluntary advertising code 275
lobbying by tobacco industry 154-55, 252-54, see also Tobacco Institute of Australia
...and incidental advertising 271
...and smokers' rights organisations 257
lobeline 202
local government campaigns 217
Local Leaf Content Scheme 247-48
logos 289, 364
Longbeach 234, 236-37, 239-40, 242
...parallel promotions 289
loose tobacco 28-29, 29, 93, 102, 230-31, 234
...health warnings 97-98
...imports 225-26
...taxation 141, 154
lower tar cigarettes 31-32, 246
...brands 237-38, 324
...constituent levels 31, 88, 93, 188
...health effects 44, 56-58, 198
...market share 92, 92
Lucky Strike fashion promotions 284-86, 323
lung cancer 1-2, 40-43, 41-43, 56-58
...bronchioloalveolar carcinoma 46
...compensation payouts 114, 116, 118
...deaths 41-43, 41-43, 61, 63, 320-21, 320-21
...factors in development 54, 83, 175, 204
...health warnings 98-99, 326
...knowledge and beliefs 64
...passive smoking 78-79, 82-83, 111-12
lung disease see chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
lung function 47-48
...clove cigarettes 66
...improves on quitting 204
...and passive smoking 53, 78-80
lymphoma and parental smoking 53, 82
M
McDonalds smokefree 131
machine testing of smoke 31-32, 90-93, 188
McLaren Formula One racing team 281
magazines 272, 290, 301, see also print advertising
...anti-smoking coverage 366
...by tobacco companies 288-89
...women's 256, 259, 290, 296, 323-24, 326
Magnus, Dr Paul 110
mailing lists 257-58
mainstream smoke 77
...pesticide residues 100
male smokers see men and smoking
manufacture 187-88, 222, 227, 229, 232
...Australian-grown tobacco 250
...chemicals added 101-2
...noxious chemical levels 56, 88, 90, 187-88, 245-46
...packs of 60s 240
...weight per cigarette 89, 90
manufactured cigarettes see cigarettes
manufactured tobacco imports 225
marijuana 66
market share 227-28, 234-37, 235-36
...lower tar brands 92, 92
...and pack size 30, 239-41, 241
marketing 228, 262, 280, see also promotion of cigarettes
...National Health Policy on 352-53
markets 128, 147, 221
...offshore promotion 277
...tobacco leaf 247-51
Marlboro 234, 236, 293
...promotion 278, 281, 284, 286-87, 290
Martins advertisements 286
mass media see media
Masterpiece Tobacs chewing gum 244
maternal smoking see parental smoking; pregnant smokers
Matthews, Greg, advertisement 281
Mayne Nickless distributor 233
mecamylamine 201
media campaigns 213-14, 217-18, 359
Media Council voluntary codes 276
medical evidence see scientific evidence
medical research see research
medical schools, policy on 377-78
Medicare rebates for quit programs 197
medications
...interactions 186-87, 383, 385
...to help quitting 201-2
Melbourne, anti-smoking campaigns 217-18
Melbourne Metropolitan Transit Authority 114, 116
men and smoking 53, 325
menopause 51, 318
...effect of quitting 205
menstruation 51, 318
mesothelioma deaths see asbestos
metabolism and smoking 48, 186
metals in cigarette smoke 89
migration see country of birth
'mild'cigarettes 95, see also lower tar cigarettes
milk bar sales 243
Miller Brewing Company 233
minimum age for purchase see sales to minors
ministers for health see health ministers
Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy 212-13, 351, 355
...packaging 94, 97-98, 287
minors see children; sales to minors
miscarriage 51-52, 318
models smoking 286
money see costs; price of cigarettes
mood and smoking 186, 188, 325
...uptake when depressed 180
MOP UP 275
...address 342
morbidity see disease
Morling judgement 109-14, 256
mortality see deaths
Motor Cycle Grand Prix 282
motor sport sponsorship 278, 280-82
motor vehicle accidents 50, 160
mouth see oral
movies 286, 323
...characters 284-85
...product placement 284-86, 365
multinational companies 222-23, 250
myeloma 45-46
myocardial infarction 39
...and passive smoking 81
N
nasal cancers from snuff 168-69
nasal snuff see snuff
National Campaign Against Drug Abuse 212
...advertising for women 326
...approaches to quitting 198
...awareness surveys 95, 101
...policies 351-55, 359-63
National Cancer Prevention policy 365-68
National Crime Authority 271, 358
National Drug Strategy 212-13, 326, 351, 355
National Health & Medical Research Council see NH & MRC
National Health Policy on Tobacco in Australia 351-55
National Heart Foundation 120, 213, 368
...and Morling judgement 110
...offices 340-41
...and tobacco industry assistance 261, 368
National Occupational Health and Safety Commission see Worksafe Australia
National Warning Against Smoking 212
native tobaccos see indigenous tobaccos
New Caledonia, no health warnings 224
new products see product development
new smokers 148, 151, 163, 175, 297, see also uptake of smoking
New South Wales
...advertising restrictions 274, 276, 283
...anti-smoking campaigns 216-18
...prices 148, 148-49
...smokers' rights organisations 257
...tobacco growing 246-47
...workplace smoking 108, 122
New South Wales Cancer Council 83, 84, 128, 340
New South Wales Film Corporation 365
New South Wales Labor Council 125, 385-86
New South Wales Legislative Council Standing Committee on Social Issues 363-65
New Zealand 241, 292
...additives regulated 102
...and licence fee avoidance 144
newspapers see also Morling judgement; print advertising
...advertising 154-55, 256-57, 272, 290, 301
...anti-smoking coverage 290, 366
Next, de-nicotined cigarette 246
NH & MRC 348-50
...on passive smoking 78-79, 107
...on pesticides and additives 100-102
...research grants 212
...on smokeless tobacco 168
nickel in cigarette smoke 89
nicotine 87-88, 185-87, 360, 363, see also addiction; withdrawal
...delivery systems 244-45
...gender differences 325
...health effects 87, 370
...parental smoking effects 52, 80
...physiological effects 46, 48, 87, 186, 203
...poisoning from ingestion 49, 87
...reduces on quitting 204
...smokeless tobacco 167
nicotine levels and labelling 31-32, 32, 89-95, 391
...brands and products 246, 361
...no safe level of use 363
...smokers' awareness 95-96
...and tobacco manufacturing 187-88
nicotine replacement therapy 195, 199-201, 262
...NCADA policy 362-63
...State Poisons Acts 87-88
nicotine-N-oxide 186
nightclubs and passive smoking 119
nitrogen oxides in smoke 88
nitrosamines 87, 171
No Frills labelling see generic packaging
No-Smoking Day sponsorship 214
non-smokers 128, see also passive smoking
...and advertising 297
...and anti-smoking campaigns 211
Non-Smokers' Movement 279-80
...address 341
non-smoking policies see workplace smoking policies
North Sydney Council, and restaurants 130
Northern Territory advertising 274
Norway promotion 292
NSW see New South Wales
nursing homes 132
O
occupation see workplace
occupational group 14-15, 15, 61, 314, 314-15, see also socioeconomic group
Occupational Health and Safety Acts 108-9, 126, 385-86
Occupational Health Safety and Welfare Act casino smoke 115
oesophageal cancer 44-45, 57, 204
...pipe and cigar smoking 58
...smokeless tobacco 168
oestrogens 51-52, 318, see also contraceptive pill
...and endometrial cancer 58
older smokers and quitting 195, 205
olfactory function 50
operations, surgical see surgery
operations of tobacco companies 230-35
...offshore 223-25
oral cancer 44-45, 57, 204
...pipes and cigars 58
...smokeless tobacco 170
oral contraceptives see contraceptive pill
oral disease and smokeless tobacco 167-68
organochlorine residues 100-101
osteoporosis 52, 318
otitis media 112
outdoor advertising see billboard advertising
Outdoor Advertising Association 301
Outline for Approaches to Smoking Cessation 359-63
Ovens Research Station 251
overseas markets and operations 222-26, 228-29, 232-33
overweight see body weight
ovulation 318
oxygen supply 39, 46-47, 50, 88
...foetal 52
...and surgery 48, 370
P
Pacific region 223-26, 229 see also developing countries
...operations 232-33
pack design 286-87, 324
pack size 26, 29, 30, 238-41, 241
...larger 227, 231, 238-40, 243
...retail price 146-49
...smaller 240-41, 324
package labelling 90, 93-95, 382, see also health warnings
...Pacific countries 224
...pesticide residues 101
...policies 352, 356, 365, 374, 382
...smokers' awareness 95, 95-96
packaging 231, 239-42
...as advertising 272, 286-87
...policies 352, 356, 367
paediatricians 111, 372-73
pamphlets from pharmacists 385
pancreatic cancer 45, 204
...smokeless tobacco 168
parallel pricing 147
parallel promotions 273, 288-89, 364
parental attitude 176
parental smoking 82, 83, 120, 319-20, 325, see also passive smoking; pregnant smokers
...and children's health 79-80, 82
...and children's uptake 176-77
...policies 372-73
Parkinson's disease 59
Parliamentary Joint Committee on the National Crime Authority 271, 358
particulate matter see tar
passive smoking see also parental smoking; pregnant smokers
...advertisements 108-14, 256, 259, 296
...economic costs 160, 163
...further reading 393-94
...health effects 77-83, 84, 318
...health warning 99
...litigation 108-19, 256, 262
...policies 213, 354, 358, 364, 366-69, 372-73, 375-76, 378, 380-81, 383-84
...residential care 132
...tobacco industry response 252, 254-59
patches see nicotine replacement therapy
paternal smoking during pregnancy 52-53, see also parental smoking
pediatricians 111, 372-73
peers 175
...and advertising 295
...peer-led education 180
...and smoking uptake 176-77, 181
penile cancer 45
peptic ulcers 47
...effect of quitting 205
periodicals, advertising 272, see also print advertising
perioperative period see surgery
peripheral vascular disease 40, 205
personal expenditure see price of cigarettes
pesticide residues in tobacco smoke 100-101
Peter Jackson 234, 236-40, 242-43, 287
...children 237, 293
...promotion 281, 289
Peter Stuyvesant 236
Pharmaceutical Society 186-87
...policy 383-85
pharmacists 383-85
pharyngeal cancer 45
...smokeless tobacco 168
Philip Morris 221-23, 233-35, 239
...additives 101-2
...advertising and promotion 277, 287-89, 299
...brands and products 245-46, 324
...legal action 273, 299
...Margaret Thatcher a consultant 253
...pack size 147, 239-40
...on smoking and disease 259
Philip Morris Companies Inc 233
Philippines, Rothmans losses 224, 228
phlegm production 44
physicians see doctors
physiological effects see carbon monoxide; nicotine
Pinkerton Tobacco Company 244
pipe smoking 28, 29, 58
pipe tobacco 93, 231, 234-35
...additives 102
pituri 17-18
Pizza Hut smokefree 131
platelet stickiness 87-88
pneumonia and passive smoking 80
point-of-sale advertising 273-74, 276, 282-83
...policies 356, 365
police ministers 212, 214
policies see smoking control policies
politicians and industry lobbying 253-54
polluted air see air pollution
popular culture sponsorship 216
posters 301
Powell, Janet 271-72
pregnancy rates see fertility
pregnant smokers 52-53, 318-20
...benefits of quitting 204-5
...education campaigns 325-26
...health warnings 99, 326
...nicotine patches 200
...policies 372-73, 375
Premier, smokeless cigarette 244-45
press advertising see newspapers
pressure groups see lobbying by health groups
Pretty Face advertisement 275
prevalence see smoking prevalence
prevention strategies, further reading 395, see also health promotion
price of cigarettes 141, 146-49, 147-48, 238-39, see also economic costs of smoking
...advantage of quitting 326, 327
...and advertising 273, 277, 282
...and children 28, 175
...and industry profits 154
...and inflation 152
...and pack size 146-49, 148, 240, 243
...personal expenditure 30-31, 31, 159-60
...policies 355-56, 364, 368, 380-81
...taxation 31, 141-55, 149, 154
...and uptake 178
price discounting 147-48, 221-22, 231, 234, 242-43
...as advertising prohibited 273
...and Consumer Price Index 153
...for smokers' organisations 257
price elasticity of demand 150, 150-51, 153, 162-63
price sensitive smokers 147-49, 151, 242
Price Waterhouse Economic Studies Unit 159, 161-62
Prices Surveillance Authority 149, 154, 240, 243
...advertising costs 277
...industry profitability 222
primary industry see tobacco growing
print advertising 271-72, 276-77, 301, see also billboard advertising; magazines; newspapers
...health warnings 97
...Paul Hogan and Winfield 239
printing of Rothmans products 231
prison officers, compensation 117
product development 244-46, 324
...and federal excise 154
product liability cases 262-63
product placement 284-86
productivity loss costs see economic costs
professionals see health professionals
profitability 221-22, 224, 228, 232, 234
...increased by taxation 154
...larger packs 240
...and price discounting 242
programs see anti-smoking campaigns; education programs
promotion of cigarettes 310, see also advertising; marketing; sponsorship
...offshore marketplace 277
...parallel promotions 273, 288-89, 364
...policies 350, 353, 356, 364, 367-68, 380-81
promotion of health see health promotion
prosecutions
...sales to minors 178-79
...sponsorship advertising 278-80
protection of tobacco industry 248
protective effect 58-59, 62
Prudential Assurance 223
public attitudes see attitudes
Public Health Association 381-83
public health education see education programs
public information see information provision
public knowledge and beliefs see knowledge and beliefs
public places smoking 107-8, 129-33, 134
...compensation 114-18
...policies 360, 369, 374, 378, 383
...public attitudes 133, 134
...tobacco industry 127-29
public service smoking bans 122-23, 127, 255
public transport smoking bans 127, 131, 255
...policies 375, 380-81
pulmonary see lung
purchase by children see sales to minors
Q
Qantas, smoking bans 132
Quality Assurance in the Treatment of Drug Dependence Projects 359-63
quantity of tobacco per cigarette 89, 90
...export of lighter cigarettes 249
Queensland
...advertising restrictions 274
...smokeless tobacco 169-70
...tobacco growing 246
...tobacco research 251
Queensland Health Promotion Council 216, 346
Quit campaigns 180, 195, 214-15, 217
...offices 337-38
Quit for Life telephone number 365
quit proportion 12, 12, 191-92, 191
...morbidity and mortality 204
...nicotine patches 200
...women 312, 312
quit services 188, 198-99
...policies on 354, 357, 368, 386
...workplace smoking policies 121, 214
Quitline 214
quitting 191-205, 191-94, 325-28, 327, 328, see also education programs
...attitudes to 95-96, 193-94, 193-95, 326-28, 327, 328
...gender differences 312, 312, 325, 327, 328
...health benefits 67, 203-5, 370
...policies 359-62, 367, 384-85
...relapses 191-93, 192, 195-96, 325, 362
...trends 12, 12, 312, 312
quotas for tobacco leaf 247-48
R
R J Reynolds see RJ Reynolds
RACP policy 378
radio advertising 271, 300, 300
...sports sponsorship 277-78
radioactive compounds in smoke 89
Readers' Digest articles 290
regressive taxation 151
regulations see legislation and regulations
relapses see quitting, relapses
relaxation 180, 186
reproduction see fertility
research funding from tobacco industry 252-53, 259-61, 369
...policies 373, 376-77, 382
research funding for tobacco growing 251
research into smoking 380-81, see also scientific evidence
residential care 108, 132
respiratory disease 61, 63, 88, 370
...effect of quitting 205
...passive smoking 53, 78-80, 112, 115-19
...younger smokers 47
restaurants 108-9, 129-31, 129-30
...and passive smoking claims 119
...policies 133, 364-65, 380-81
restrictions see advertising restrictions; bans
retail price see price of cigarettes
retailers 243-44, see also sales
...advertising 273-74, 283
...enticements banned 289
...and taxation 142, 154
retirement villages 132
Richardson, Senator, on health warnings 98
right to smoke 258
right to smokefree air 258
risk behaviours and smoking 179
RJ Reynolds 102, 127, 221, 227, 244-45, 286
...advertising 255-58, 294-95
...legal cases 119-20, 262
...smokers' rights kit 288
role models for uptake 176-77
roll-on tobacco products 201
...NCADA policy 362
roll-your-own cigarettes see loose tobacco
rotating health warnings see health warnings
Rothmans 147, 148, 221-23, 227-31, 239-41, 250-51
...brands for women 245, 324
...legal cases 119-20, 254, 262
...promotion 277-78, 280
Rothmans International Investments Ltd 228
Rothmans Special Milds 239
Rothmans Sport Foundation 280
Royal Australasian College of Physicians 261, 376-78
Royal Australasian College of Surgeons 369-71
Royal Australian College of General Practitioners 375-76
Royal Australian College of Medical Administrators 380-81
Royal College of Physicians of London 80
Rugby League Grand Final sponsorship 278-80
S
St Moritz 296, 323-24
...direct mail 288-89
sales 221, see also retailers
...restrictions NCADA policy 360
...and workplace smoking bans 127-28
sales to minors 5, 178-79, 299, 364
...policies 357, 364, 368
satiation in aversion therapy 202
Scandinavia, smokeless tobacco 167, 169
Scanlan v Rothmans of Pall Mall 262
scented cigarettes 245-46, 324
Scholem, Mrs Liesel 108, 114-16
school students 13-14, 13, 28, 28, 175, 313-14, 313, see also children and smoking; teenagers
...absenteeism 80
...brand preference 237, 238
...financial aspects 145, 175
...gender differences 213, 313-14, 313
...pack size 29, 30, 241, 242
...policies 366, 378
...uptake 179, 181
schools 179-81, 214
...policies on smoking in 133, 369, 372, 380-81
...tobacco industry material 292
scientific evidence 259-60, see also research
...passive smoking 77-80, 107, 110-13, 254-55
Scotland advertising 294-95
secondary school students see school students
secondhand smoke see exhaled mainstream smoke
Self Care Programme 385
semen quality 53
Seventh-day Adventist Church 213
...addresses 338-39
sexual equality and smoking 309
share prices 242
shareholders 223, see also investment in tobacco companies
...Rothmans 228-29
...Wills Holdings 232
shopping malls smokefree 133
shorter cigarettes 245
sibling smoking 176
Sibraa, Senator Kerry 109
sick building syndrome 55-56, 128, 257, see also indoor air pollution
sick leave and smoking 124
Sick of Smoking campaign 197-98
sickness see disease
sidestream smoke 77, see also environmental tobacco smoke
SIDS 53, 80
signs advertising 272, 275
silver compounds in aversion therapy 202
Singapore, Rothmans companies 229
skin quality 50-51
Skoal Bandits see smokeless tobacco
slimmer cigarettes 245, 323-24
slimmer smokers see body weight
slip-ups 195-96, 325, see also quitting, relapses
slogans, anti-smoking 216
smaller packs see pack size
smell 50
smog 55, 55
smoke 44, 77, 87-89, 391, see also environmental tobacco smoke
...machine testing 31-32, 90-93, 188
...non-tobacco cigarettes 65-66
Smoke Yield Table 391, see also Australian Tar Tables
Smokefree Areas (Enclosed Public Places) Act 108
smokefree public places see public places smoking
smokefree workplaces see workplace smoking policies
smokeless cigarettes 244-45
smokeless tobacco 45, 167-71, 244, see also chewing tobacco; snuff
smokers 154-55, 162-63, 198, see also children and smoking; uptake of smoking
...compensation for passive smoking 118
...courtesy campaigns 258
...new 148, 151, 163, 175, 297
...price sensitive 147-49, 151, 242
smokers' knowledge and beliefs see also knowledge and beliefs
...health risks 64, 65, 163-64, 193, 375-76
...package labelling 95-96, 95, 99, 100
smokers' rights 128-29
...organisations 257-58
...smokers' rights kits 288
smoking behaviour 196, 292, 315, 361, see also history of tobacco use; smoking prevalence
...gender differences 310, 325
...movie stars 323
...patterns 41, 123, 175
smoking control policies 132-33, 347-86, see also anti-smoking campaigns; public places smoking; workplace smoking policies
...and smokers' rights organisations 257
...taxation 151-52
Smoking and Health Research Foundation 94, 260-61
smoking policies see smoking control policies
smoking prevalence 11-19, 11-17, 19, 42, see also consumption; smoking behaviour
...and advertising 292
...and anti-smoking campaigns 217-18
...gender differences 311-15, 311-16,
...and workplace bans 124
...younger people 175, 180-81
Smoking and Tobacco Products Advertisements (Prohibition) Bill 271-72
snoring 82
snuff 45, 167-71, see also smokeless tobacco
...in toothpaste 244
social costs of smoking 163-64
socioeconomic group 177, 221, 311, 315, 366, see also educational level; occupational group
...death and disease 61-63
...pack size 147, 241
...taxation 151, 153-54
Solomon Islands advertising 275
South Africa snuff 169
South Australia 119-20, 154
...advertising restrictions 274
...anti-smoking campaigns 197-98, 215-16
...awareness of health warnings 99, 100
...price discounting 242
...sucking tobacco 170
South Australian Formula One Grand Prix 282
South Australian Smoking and Health Project 215-16
Southedge Research Station 251
sperm production 53
spitting right to compared with smoking 128-29
sponsorship 213, 216-17, 253, 277-82, 291, 364, see also research funding; sports sponsorship
...attitudes to bans 301, 301,
...by health organisations 216-17, 274
...children's smoking 294
...policies 353, 364-65
sports sponsorship 271-72, 276-82
...attitudes to bans 301
...by health organisations 214, 216
sportspersons gagged by sponsorship 281
St Moritz 296, 323-24
...direct mail 288-89
staff see workers
staining from tar 87
Stallone, Sylvester 285
Standing Committee on Social Issues 363-65
state government policies 363-65, see also government action
state legislation and regulations 389-90, see also legislation and regulations; specific Acts
...ACT public places 108
...advertising restrictions 274
...health warnings 96-98
...NSW workplace smoking shelved 108
...purchase by children 178-79, 299
State Poisons Acts and nicotine 87-88
state and territory licence fees 141-45, 144-46
...Health Promotion Foundations 216
...and large packs 148-49
...lobbying against 154-55
...policies 355, 364, 367
...school students' share 145, 175
statistics 213, 252
...further reading 394-95
Sterling (cigarette), 236
stimulation from nicotine 186, 325
stock exchange listings 221, 223, 232-33
stomach cancer 45
Stradbroke (cigarette), 231, 277
stress 180, 186, 361
...and smoking in films 284
stroke 40
...and contraceptive pill 51, 317
...effect of quitting 205
Stuart Alexander & Co 225-26
subarachnoid haemorrhage 40
...effect of quitting 205
sucking tobacco 170
sudden cardiac death see cardiac death
sudden infant death syndrome 53, 80
superannuation, invested in tobacco companies 223, 228-29, 232
Superman II 285
supermarket retail sales 243-44
surgery 48-49
...Faculty of Anaesthetists policy 370
Sweden health warnings 326
Switzerland agricultural chemicals 101
Sydney anti-smoking campaigns 217-18
T
TAB betting offices 122
tar content 87, 89-92, 91-92, 391, see also lower tar cigarettes
...and death rates 42
...exposure 31-32, 32, 92-93, 315-17, 317, 366, 374, 382
...labelling and limits 90, 93-95, 374
...policies 366-67, 374, 380-82
...smokers' awareness 95
...and taxation 153
tariffs see federal excise
tariff support for tobacco industry 248
Tasmania, advertising restrictions 274
Tasmanian Health Promotion Council 216, 346
taxation 31, 141-55, 149, 155, see also federal excise; state and territory licence fees
...government revenue from 145-46, 153, 162
...lobbying costs deductible 254
...Norway 292
...policies 152, 350, 353, 360, 365, 367, 374, 380-81, 383
...and sponsorship 301
taxis
...advertising in 364
...smoking in 131
teachers see schools
teenagers 14, 150, 175, 313-14, 313-14, see also school students; young people
...and anti-smoking campaigns 180, 213
...policies 363, 366
...pregnancies 52
...smokeless tobacco 169
...and sports sponsorship 281
Telecom Australia smoking bans 122, 124
telephone information service 214
...number in packs 98, 365
...policies 356
telephone lobbying 154-55
television advertising 271, 300, 300
...National Campaign Against Drug Abuse 326
...sponsorships 277-80, 282
territory licence fees see state and territory licence fees
testing see machine testing of smoke
theatres 108, 133
theophylline drug interactions 186-87, 383
third world countries see developing countries
Thoracic Society policy 261, 373-74
throat cancer compensation 116
thrombosis from passive smoking 81
TIA see Tobacco Institute of Australia
Tobacco Act (Vic), 274, 277
...smokeless tobacco 170
...on sponsorship 281-82
Tobacco Advertising Prohibition Act 271-74, 282, 288-90, 300, 356
...on product placement 284
...on sponsorships 281
Tobacco (Amendment) Act 170
Tobacco Control Act 283, 289
Tobacco Documentation Centre 252-54, 298
tobacco growing 89, 161, 246-51
...agricultural chemicals 100-101
...policies on subsidies 368, 374, 378, 380-81
Tobacco Growing and Manufacturing Industries review 246-51
tobacco industry 159, 162, 164, 221-63, see also Philip Morris; RJ Reynolds; Rothmans; Wills Holdings
...employees 119-20, 263, 263, 298
...further reading 396
...on passive smoking 254
...and taxation 153-55
...and workplace smoking 127-29, 255-56
Tobacco Industry Stabilisation Plan 225, 247-49
Tobacco Institute of Australia 154-55, 159, 252, 254-57, 291
...advertising 109-14, 256, 259, 276-77, 296
...on taxation 153-54
tobacco leaf 89, 225, 226, 247-51
Tobacco Leaf Marketing Boards 247-48
Tobacco Marketing Act 247
Tobacco Products Control Act 170
Tobacco Research and Development Council 251
Tobacco Smokers Freedom Movement 257-58
tobacco use see consumption; history of tobacco use; smoking
tobacconists 244
Tooheys 1000 Classic team sponsorship 278
toothpaste smokeless tobacco 244
Torres Strait Islanders 357
toxic substances see carbon monoxide; carcinogens; health effects; nicotine; tar
Toxic Substances Board of NZ 298
trade literature, and advertising 272, 290
Trade Practices Act 356
...and Morling judgement 110-11, 256
...package labelling 94, 98
...tobacco leaf marketing 248
Trade Practices Commission 170-71
Trade Practices (Consumer Product Information Standards) (Tobacco) Regulations 98
Trade Practices Tribunal 276
trade unions
...ACTU 125, 358-59
...and workplace smoking policies 125-27, 386
trademarks, prohibition proposed 364
traffic accidents 50, 160
trains and trams, smoking bans 131, 257
tranquilisers and quitting 201
transdermal nicotine see nicotine replacement therapy
transport ministers 131
tricyclic antidepressants 362
tumour initiators see carcinogens
Twins (cigarette), 240
U
ulcerative colitis 59
unborn child see foetal health
underweight see body weight
unions see trade unions
United Kingdom
...additives regulated 101
...advertising and children 293
...product liability cases 262-63
United States 253, 259, see also US
...advertising 256-57, 283, 293, 323
...agricultural chemicals limits 101
...aircraft smoking bans 132
...health behaviour in films 284
...legal action 262-63
...nicotine levels 187-88
...price discounting 243
...sales to minors banned 178
...smokeless tobacco 167, 169
...taxation 150
...tobacco farming 246
United Telecasters (Channel 10), 279-80
uptake of smoking 57, 175-81, 181, 298, see also new smokers
...and advertising 291, 294, 297
...children 13, 175-81, 218, 294, 313-14
...gender differences 310
...RACMA policies 380-81
...and workplace smoking bans 124
urinary tract cancer 168
US see United States
US Environmental Protection Agency 79-80, 108, 254
US Federal Drug Administration 187-88
US Federal Trade Commission 295
US National Cancer Institute 211-12
US Surgeon General 185, 203-5, 260
...and Joe the Camel 294
...on passive smoking 79
...on smokeless tobacco 168
...on tobacco advertising 291
US Tobacco Company 167, 171
US Tobacco Institute 254, 257
...product placement 285
...sales to minors 178-79
uterine cervix cancer see cervical cancer
V
vaginal discharge and smoking 318
Vanuatu, no health warnings 224
vending machines 178, 276, 357
...policies 353, 360, 380-81
ventilation of buildings 128, 132, 257
Victoria 122, 133
...advertising restrictions 274
...anti-smoking funding 215
...health warnings 98-99, 100
...price discounting 242
...smokeless tobacco 170
...tobacco growing 246
...tobacco research funding 251
Victorian Health Promotion Foundation 215-16, 261, 274, 345
Victorian league football 281
Victorian Office of Corrections 117
Victorian Office of Prices 147-48, 147, 242
...and Consumer Price Index 152-53
Victorian Smoking and Health Project Evaluation 99
Victorian Tobacco Act see Tobacco Act (Vic)
Virginia Slims 323
Viscount 90
vitamin C in cigarette filters 245
Vogue (cigarette), 245, 296, 323-24
voluntary advertising codes 274-76, 283
...policies 364
voluntary agreement on limits and labelling 90-91, 93-94
vulvar cancer 45, 318
W
Walt Disney movies 285
warnings see health warnings
Waves (magazine), 288-89
WD & HO Wills see Wills Holdings
weight gain see body weight
weight of tobacco see quantity of tobacco
Western Australia
...advertising 274-75, 283
...anti-smoking funding 133, 215
...children 178-80
...health warnings 98
...smokers' rights organisations 257-58
...taxation 144, 155
Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation 216, 261, 274, 346
white collar workers see occupational group
Whitlam, Gough 271
WHO see World Health Organization
Wilenski Dr Peter 259
Wills Holdings 221, 223, 231-33, 240
...on additives 102
...on market decline 128
...product liability cases 262
...promotion 277-78
...Skoal Bandits 244
Wills Sales 233
Wills Super Milds 286
Willy the Penguin 294
Winfield 227, 239, 287
...and children 237, 281, 293
...Paul Hogan advertisements 235-36, 239, 275, 286
...sports sponsorship 277-79, 281
withdrawal 188, 195, 200-202, see also addiction
...NCADA policy 360
women and smoking 309-28, see also body weight
...and advertising 213, 296, 323-24
...further reading 397
...doctors' policy 376
...health effects 51-53, 81, 317-22
...slip-ups when quitting 196
women's magazines 256, 259, 296, 323-24
...editorial compromise 290
...health information 324, 326
Women's Weekly 256, 259, 296
workers see employees
workers' compensation
...passive smoking 108, 113-19, 255
...tobacco company employees 119-20
workplace safety 108-9, 113-14, see also fire risks
...injuries 124
workplace smoking policies 107-34, 214, 364, 385-86, see also smoking control policies
...further reading 395-96
...health organisations policies on 354, 358-60, 363, 374, 378, 383, 385
...and smoking behaviour 15, 123-24, 245, 255
...and tobacco industry 127-29, 222, 255-56
Worksafe Australia 125, 358-59
...Guidance Note on Passive Smoking 109, 359
World Bank investment policy 224-25
World Conference on Smoking and Health 213
World Cup of Cricket sponsorship 278
World Health Organization 110, 185, 348
...on inflight smoking 132
...smokeless tobacco 168
wound healing 47, 49
Y
young adults 14, 14, 314, 314
young people 60, 63, 295, see also children; teenagers
...advertising 213, 293, 296, 323-24
...education and information 51, 214
...health effects 46-47, 63
...smaller packs 240
...and taxation 154
...uptake 124, 298
Yugoslavia, agricultural chemicals 101
Yves St Laurent 289, 323
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Book Index prepared by Glenda Browne
Copyright © Quit Victoria, 1995