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Appendix 2 Forward-looking (“endgame”) measures in tobacco control
Foreword

Relevant news and research: Forward-looking (“endgame”) measures in tobacco control

Abdul Raob, N. A., Mohd Radzi, N. A., Nik Mohamed, M. H. and Md Sabri, B. A. (2025). A netnographic analysis of online active commentaries on Malaysia's tobacco generation end game. BMC Public Health. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41286795


Abdul Raob, N. A., Mohd Radzi, N. A., Nik Mohamed, M. H. and Md Sabri, B. A. (2025). Generational Perception Towards the Tobacco Generation End Game Policy in Malaysia. J Community Health. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41175332


Ebikeme, C. (2025). Should a smoke-free generation also be vape-free?. BMJ, r1939. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41218987


Egbe, C. O., Londani, M., Gwambe, S., Sessou, L., Fagbule, O. F. and Bialous, S. A. (2025). Support for tobacco endgame approaches: Results from a web-based survey of stakeholders from 28 African countries. Tob Induc Dis. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41221020


Feliu, A., Driezen, P., Gravely, S., Hyland, A., East, K. A., Gartner, C. E., Vardavas, C. I., Cummings, K. M., Fong, G. T. and Filippidis, F. T. (2025). Social determinants of support for tobacco control policies to end the use of commercial cigarettes: findings from the 2022 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey. Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41193188


France-Presse, A. (2025). Maldives becomes the only country with generational smoking ban. The Guardian. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/01/maldives-becomes-the-only-country-with-generational-smoking-ban


Huber, L. and Hefler, M. (2025). Forward-looking measures to end the tobacco epidemic: the need for specialist civil society support and coordination for Article 2.1 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Tob Control, 5, 565-566. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41043986


Ofori, M. (2025). Over 1,200 health leaders call for swift passage of UK tobacco and vapes bill. The Guardian. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2025/oct/27/uk-tobacco-and-vapes-bill-experts-letter


Record, R. A., Azzam, K., Gonzales, M. M., Greiner, L. H. and Matt, G. E. (2025). Identifying how tobacco industry-targeted communities perceive California's tobacco endgame initiative. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy, 1, 40. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41035083


Stephen Kinnock MP (2025). Crackdown on rogue traders selling vapes to children. . Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/crackdown-on-rogue-traders-selling-vapes-to-children


Assari, S., Pallera, J. A. and Efatmaneshnik, M. (2025). Lifecycle Management as a Roadmap to the Tobacco Endgame. World J Clin Med Res, 1, 52-79. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41018889


Lorant, V., Laloux, P., Melard, N., van Kalmthout, D. and Gabriels, S. (2025). Political hurdles to implementing tobacco control policies: the case of the smoke-free generation policy in Belgium. Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40962488


Thielking, A., Qian, Y., Olivier, S., Sewpaul, R., Levy, D. E., Ngubane, H., Kruse, G. R., Zulu, T., Rigotti, N. A., Siedner, M. J., Wong, E. B. and Reddy, K. (2025). Changes in tobacco use in rural South Africa during the 2020 tobacco sales ban: an analysis of current and previous behaviours using cross-sectional data. Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40912916


Hoek, J., Ozarka, E. and Gartner, C. (2025). An analysis of submissions on regulations to implement Aotearoa New Zealand's tobacco endgame policies. Health Promot Int, 4. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40832956


Perusco, A., Gartner, C. E., Kennedy, M., Bali, A. S. and Maddox, R. (2025). Shaping the end of the Australian commercial tobacco epidemic: insights from Indigenous and non-Indigenous tobacco control policy actor interviews. Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40750351


Hackworth, E. E., Carroll, D. M., Donny, E. C., Denlinger-Apte, R. L. and Hatsukami, D. (2025). Policy support and potential black-market use in response to a reduced nicotine standard: responses following a 12-week open-label clinical trial. Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40691047


Hoek, J., Waa, A., Edwards, R., Gregan, M. J. and Graham-DeMello, A. (2025). Looking back and planning ahead: the tobacco endgame and controlling tobacco industry interference in Aotearoa New Zealand. J R Soc N Z, 5, 1190-1208. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40718042


Maddox, R. and Bradbrook, S. K. (2025). Building love and justice, ending harms: a framework for abolishing the tobacco and nicotine industry. Health Promot Int, 4. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40709579


Maddox, R., Heris, C., Waa, A., Teddy, L., Upton, P., Henderson, P. N., Kornacki, C., Rodriguez, J., Lee, J., Tautolo, E. S., Martinez, S. A., Bradbrook, S. K. and Kennedy, M. (2025). Colonial harm in new packaging: Indigenous critiques of the tobacco industry's 'harm reduction' rhetoric. Health Promot Int, 4. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40728114


Rampal, L. (2025). Moving from tobacco control to tobacco endgame in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia, 4, 385-389. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40740077


Al-Naimi, A., Elsayed, K., Alharoon, M., Al-Obaidli, F., Almuraikhi, H., Osman, A., Al-Rashdi, R., Shraim, M. and Al-Hamdani, M. (2025). Tobacco endgame policies: an analysis of preferred strategies and support levels in a sample from Qatar. Front Public Health, 1515633. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40552217


Hoek, J. and Ball, J. (2025). NZ’s goal is to get smoking rates under 5% for all population groups this year – here’s why that’s highly unlikely. The Conversation. Available from: https://theconversation.com/nzs-goal-is-to-get-smoking-rates-under-5-for-all-population-groups-this-year-heres-why-thats-highly-unlikely-258592


Michalek, I. M., Didkowska, J. and Koczkodaj, P. (2025). First tobacco-free generation in Europe - A lost cause? Latest Global Youth Tobacco Survey data from Poland and the CEE region. J Cancer Policy, 100601. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40451610


Graham-DeMello, A., Gregan, M. J., Waa, A., Gallopel-Morvan, K. and Hoek, J. (2025). Aotearoa New Zealand's 'endgame' legislation: a critical analysis of the parliamentary repeal debate using an adapted policy dystopia model approach. Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40389277


Howell, S. J. (2025). The smoke-free generation policy: policy analysis. Perspect Public Health, 2, 60-61. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40364599


All Party Parliamentary Group on Smoking and Health (2025). A Roadmap to a Smokefree Country: No one starts, everyone stops, no profit in tobacco. . Available from: https://ash.org.uk/resources/view/a-roadmap-to-a-smokefree-country-no-one-starts-everyone-stops-no-profit-in-tobacco


Houghton, F. and Lombard, J. (2025). Notes from a small island: Ireland passes Tobacco 21 (T21) legislation. N Z Med J, 1613, 100-103. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40209200


Jamil, H., Gilmour, S., Katanoda, K. and Togawa, K. (2025). Regional disparities in Japan's progress towards the Health Japan 21 smoking reduction target. Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40246532


Mahoney, M., Schwank, A., Al-Shawaf, M., Baker Holmes, C. and Tynan, M. A. (2025). Support among adults for a policy to lower nicotine levels in cigarettes and cigars - USA, 2023. Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40199553


Roberts, M. E., Lee, J. G., Morean, M. E., Kong, G., Ferketich, A. K., Craigmile, P. F., Ceasar, R. C., Spinola, V. B. and Berman, M. L. (2025). Age Restricted Location Policies: A Potential Strategy for Advancing the Tobacco Endgame. Am J Public Health, 5, 673-677. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40203261


Matthes, B. K., Legg, T., Hiscock, R., Gallagher, A. W. A., Silver, K., Alaouie, H., Thomas, D. and Gilmore, A. B. (2025). The UK Tobacco and Vapes Bill (2023/4): framing strategies used by tobacco and nicotine industry actors faced with an endgame policy (a generational sales ban of tobacco products) and nicotine product restrictions. Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40122604


Reed, H. (2025). The economic impact of a smokefree United Kingdom – 2024 update: technical report. . Available from:


Arakawa, K., Akasaki, Y., Fukami, A., Sakata, S., Sugimoto, K., Ryuno, H., Kabayama, M., Ohishi, M., members, J. S. H. S.-F. P. C. and Node, K. (2025). JSH2024 smoke-free declaration "Stop All Tobacco Products". Hypertens Res, 2, 449-450. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39905098


Davies, N., Murray, R. L., Langley, T., Morling, J. and Bains, M. (2025). UK policymaker and expert perspectives on the smoke-free generation policy: a qualitative study. BMJ Public Health, 1, e001808. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40017980


Hoek, J., Hosking, R., Graham-DeMello, A., Sanders, C., Teddy, L., Ball, J., van der Eijk, Y. and Gallopel-Morvan, K. (2025). Removing or returning freedom? Views on a nicotine-free generation policy held by young people from aotearoa who use electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39904629


Kniess, J. (2025). Generational tobacco ban: questions of consistency. J Med Ethics. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39939148


Rey Brandariz, J., Perez-Rios, M., Ruano-Ravina, A. and Soerjomataram, I. (2025). Reflections on the tobacco-free generation: methodological challenges and global implications - Authors' reply. Lancet Public Health, 2, e83. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39909695


Susuman, A. S. (2025). Reflections on the tobacco-free generation: methodological challenges and global implications. Lancet Public Health, 2, e81. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39909693


Trias-Llimos, S., Feliu, A. and Fernandez, E. (2025). Reflections on the tobacco-free generation: methodological challenges and global implications. Lancet Public Health, 2, e82. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39909694


Zettler, P. J., Wagener, T. L. and Berman, M. L. (2025). What's Next for Nicotine? The Coming Legal and Political Battles over an FDA Proposal. N Engl J Med. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40009804


Berrick, J. (2025). Guidance for Introducing the Tobacco-Free Generation Policy. Int J Health Plann Manage. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39754741


Boretti, A. (2025). Rethinking selective prohibitions: the inconsistency of a generational smoking ban in a permissive society. J Med Ethics. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39805699


Carey, N., Lanteri, L. and Hawkins, S. S. (2024). A review of the landscape of state Tobacco 21 laws: Key components, research challenges, and future directions. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep, 100236. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39829943


Coyle, D. (2025). Implementing a smoke-free generation policy for Canada: estimates of the long-term impacts. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can, 1, 39-53. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39817710


Gupta, R., Goel, S., Bostic, C., Bhatt, G., Gurung, D., Cyril, A., Gill, O. K., Prabhakara, P., Singh, R. J. and Hefler, M. (2025). Tobacco-free generation: reflecting on progress globally and its potential feasibility in India. Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39773840


Hart, J. and Lignou, S. (2025). Generational smoking bans: inegalitarian without disadvantage?. J Med Ethics. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39870521


Hefler, M. (2025). The 'tobacco endgame' in an age of disinformation: rising to the challenge. Tob Control, 1, 1-Feb. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39746714


Nip, J., Stanley, J., Zhang, J., Waa, A., Ball, J., Tautolo, E. S., Johnson, E., Agar, T. K., Quah, A. C., Fong, G. T. and Edwards, R. (2025). Support for and likely impacts of endgame measures in the Smokefree Aotearoa Action Plan: findings from the 2020-2021 International Tobacco Control New Zealand (EASE) surveys. N Z Med J, 1608, 40-83. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39847737


Phoa, P. K. A., Wee, L. H., Wong, Y. H., Siau, C. S., Chan, C. M. H., Dain, C. and Mohamed, M. H. N. (2025). Challenges and prospects in implementing the Generational Endgame policy: Malaysia and global perspectives. Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39779329


Saunders, B. (2025). A generational ban creates inequality between non-smokers. J Med Ethics. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39832915


Tanne, J. H. (2025). FDA proposes limiting the amount of nicotine in cigarettes. BMJ, r125. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39832937


Campbell, M. and Hobbs, M. (2024). Up in smoke. The unravelling of world-leading policy changes in Smokefree legislation in Aotearoa New Zealand. Aust N Z J Public Health, 6, 100209. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39637725


Davies, N. P., Murray, R. L., Langley, T., Morling, J. R. and Bains, M. (2024). Perceptions of children and young people in England on the smokefree generation policy: a focus group study. Nicotine Tob Res. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39688186


Kirby, T. (2024). Smoke-free generation a step closer in the UK. Lancet Oncol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39647503


The Lancet Respiratory, M. (2024). The UK Tobacco and Vapes Bill: a historic opportunity. Lancet Respir Med. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39708818


 

Intro
Chapter 2