References

1. NSW Retail Tobacco Traders' Association. Official price lists--cigarettes. The Retail Tobacconist, 1940; 1(2):x-x.

2. NSW Retail Tobacco Traders' Association. Price lists-cigarettes. The Australian Retail Tobacconist, 2018; 105(Jan- Feb - Mar):5-6.

3. Scollo M. Closing the Loophole--The Need for Action in 1997. Melbourne, Australia: Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria, 1996.

4. Australian Council on Smoking and Health, Australian Cancer Society, National Heart Foundation of Australia, Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria, and et al. Proposal to increase excise on tobacco. A submission to the Australian Federal Government. Perth: ACOSH, 1990.

5. Australian Council on Smoking and Health, Australian Cancer Society, National Heart Foundation of Australia, and Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria  et al. Tobacco Taxes: a case for action. A submission to the Australian Federal Government. Perth: ACOSH, 1992.

6. Australian Council on Smoking and Health, Australian Cancer Society, National Heart Foundation of Australia, and Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria et al. Tobacco excise duties. Submission to the Australian Federal Government. Perth: ACOSH, 1994.

7. Bayly M, Scollo MM, and Wakefield MA. Who uses rollies? Trends in product offerings, price and use of roll-your-own tobacco in Australia. Tob Control, 2019; 28(3):317-324. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30030409

8. Branston JR, McNeill A, Gilmore AB, Hiscock R, and Partos TR. Keeping smoking affordable in higher tax environments via smoking thinner roll-your-own cigarettes: Findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey 2006-15. Drug Alcohol Depend, 2018; 193:110-116. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352334

9. Morrison S and Cormann M. Budget 2017-18. Budget paper no. 2.Part 1. Revenue measures. Canberra: Treasury, 2017. Available from: http://www.budget.gov.au/2017-18/content/bp1/html/.

10. Customs Tariff Amendment (Tobacco Duty Harmonisation) Bill 2017, 2017. Available from: http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22legislation%2Fbillhome%2Fr5892%22;src1=sm1.

11. Excise Tariff Amendment (Tobacco Duty Harmonisation) Bill 2017, 2017. Available from: http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r5893.

12. Customs Tariff Amendment (Tobacco Duty Harmonisation) Bill 2017, Explanatory Memorandum, 2017. Available from: http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22legislation%2Fbillhome%2Fr5892%22;src1=sm1.

13. Excise Tariff Amendment (Tobacco Duty Harmonisation) Bill 2017, Explanatory Memorandum, 2017. Available from: http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r5893.

14. Bayly M, Scollo MM, and Wakefield MA. Who uses rollies? Trends in product offerings, price and use of roll-your-own tobacco in Australia. Tobacco Control, 2019; 28:317-324. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30030409

15. PricewaterhouseCoopers. Sales of cigarettes and tobacco products by type of retail business.  An analysis of sales of cigarettes and tobacco products to tobacco retailers in Australia.  Document tabled as part of a formal submission (no. 46) made by British American Tobacco Australia in relation to the Inquiry into Tobacco Smoking in New South Wales in 2006., Sydney: PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2005. Available from: https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/committees/DBAssets/InquirySubmission/Body/38276/Sub%2046%20BATA%20-%20Attachment%202.pdf.

16. Economic Studies and Strategies Unit. The significance of cigarettes and tobacco products to retailers. Sydney: PricewaterhouseCoopers, 1999.

17. Ross H and Chaloupka F. The effect of cigarette prices on youth smoking. Health Economics, 2003; 12(3):217–30. Available from: http://econpapers.repec.org/article/wlyhlthec/v_3A12_3Ay_3A2003_3Ai_3A3_3Ap_3A217-230.htm

18. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 6461.0 Australian Consumer Price Index: Concepts, Sources and Methods, 14th Series. Canberra: ABS, 2005. Available from: http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/free.nsf/0/78A8F9FCA2B2BA62CA256D580005314D/$File/64610_2003.pdf.

19. Prices Surveillance Authority. Report no. 52: inquiry into cigarettes declaration. Matter no: PI/94/1. Melbourne, Australia: PSA, 1994.

20. Scollo M, Owen T, and Boulter J. Price discounting of cigarettes during the National Tobacco Campaign, in Australia's National Tobacco Campaign: evaluation report vol. 2.  Hassard K, Editor Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care; 2000. p 155-200 Available from: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.195.8891&rep=rep1&type=pdf.

21. Scollo M, Bayly M, and Wakefield M. The advertised price of cigarette packs in retail outlets across Australia before and after the implementation of plain packaging: a repeated measures observational study. Tobacco Control, 2015; 24:ii82-ii89. Available from: http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/24/Suppl_2/ii82.full

22. Hyland A, Higbee C, Li Q, Bauer J, Giovino G, et al. Access to low-taxed cigarettes deters smoking cessation attempts. American Journal of Public Health, 2005; 95(6):994–5. Available from: http://www.ajph.org/cgi/reprint/95/6/994

23. Blecher E. A mountain or a molehill: is the illicit trade in cigarettes undermining tobacco control policy in South Africa? Trends in Organized Crime 2010; 13(4):299–315. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12117-010-9092-y

24. Scollo M, Younie S, Wakefield M, Freeman J, and Icasiano F. Impact of tobacco tax reforms on tobacco prices and tobacco use in Australia. Tobacco Control, 2003; 12(suppl. 2):ii59–66. Available from: http://tc.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/abstract/12/suppl_2/ii59

25. Li Q. Prices of Australian cigarettes from Waves 2 to 4 of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Study, Michelle Scollo of The Cancer Council Victoria, Editor 2006, Roswell Park Cancer Institute: Buffalo, NY.

26. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Data tables: National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2019 - 2. Tobacco smoking chapter, Supplementary data tables. Canberra: AIHW, 2020. Available from: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/illicit-use-of-drugs/national-drug-strategy-household-survey-2019/data.

27. World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2021: addressing new and emerging products. Geneva: WHO, 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/teams/health-promotion/tobacco-control/global-tobacco-report-2021.

28. The Economist Intelligence Unit. Worldwide Cost of Living 2020: Which global cities have the highest cost of living? , London: The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2020, 2022. Available from: http://www.eiu.com/public/thankyou_download.aspx?activity=download&campaignid=wcol2018.

29. World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic: Raising taxes on tobacco. Geneva: WHO, 2015. Available from: http://www.who.int/tobacco/global_report/2015/en/index.html.

30. World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2017. Monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies Geneva: WHO, 2017. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/255874/1/9789241512824-eng.pdf?ua=1.

 

Technical appendix 13.3.1 Recommended retail price per stick of leading brands in Australia compared with reported prices paid—Australia 2002 to 2014

Table TA13.3.1

Recommended retail price per stick ($) of the ten most popular* Australian cigarette brands, 2002 to 2014 (selected years)

Source:   Recommended retail prices: NSW Retail Traders’ Association. Price lists—Cigarettes. The Retail Tobacconist of NSW. 2002–2018: 62 to 107 (August editions).

Note: In current dollars, no adjustment has been made for inflation. Data not available for 2012, 2015 and 2017.

* Brands most commonly nominated as smokers' regular brand in the Australian arm of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Study. Most popular pack size selected within each brand. Marlboro and JPS were equal tenth most popular in 2010.

Table TA13.3.2

Reported prices paid per stick ($) for the ten most popular* cigarette brands by smokers from Australian arm of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Study, 2002 to 2018 (selected years)

Source: International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Study, unpublished data provided by Partos T, 2012; Yong H, 2016; Le Grande M, 2019. Recommended retail prices: NSW Retail Traders’ Association. Price lists—Cigarettes. The Retail Tobacconist of NSW. 2002–2018: 62 to 107 (August editions).

Note: In current dollars, no adjustment has been made for inflation. Data not available for 2012, 2015 and 2017.

* Brands most commonly nominated as smokers' regular brand in the Australian arm of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Study. Most popular pack size selected within each brand. Marlboro and JPS were equal tenth most popular in 2010.

Table TA13.3.3

Percentage by which reported price paid for the ten most popular* Australian cigarette brands is different to RRP (unweighted), 2002 to 2014

Source: International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Study, unpublished data provided by Partos T, 2012; Yong H, 2016; Le Grande M, 2019. Recommended retail prices: NSW Retail Traders’ Association. Price lists—Cigarettes. The Retail Tobacconist of NSW. 2002–2018: 62 to 107 (August editions).

Note: In current dollars, no adjustment has been made for inflation. Data not available for 2012, 2015 and 2017.

* Brands most commonly nominated as smokers' regular brand in the Australian arm of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Study. Most popular pack size selected within each brand. Marlboro and JPS were equal tenth most popular in 2010.

 References

1. NSW Retail Tobacco Traders' Association. Official price lists--cigarettes. The Retail Tobacconist, 1940; 1(2):x-x.

2. NSW Retail Tobacco Traders' Association. Price lists-cigarettes. The Australian Retail Tobacconist, 2018; 105(Jan- Feb - Mar):5-6.

3. Scollo M. Closing the Loophole--The Need for Action in 1997. Melbourne, Australia: Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria, 1996.

4. Australian Council on Smoking and Health, Australian Cancer Society, National Heart Foundation of Australia, Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria, and et al. Proposal to increase excise on tobacco. A submission to the Australian Federal Government. Perth: ACOSH, 1990.

5. Australian Council on Smoking and Health, Australian Cancer Society, National Heart Foundation of Australia, and Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria  et al. Tobacco Taxes: a case for action. A submission to the Australian Federal Government. Perth: ACOSH, 1992.

6. Australian Council on Smoking and Health, Australian Cancer Society, National Heart Foundation of Australia, and Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria et al. Tobacco excise duties. Submission to the Australian Federal Government. Perth: ACOSH, 1994.

7. Bayly M, Scollo MM, and Wakefield MA. Who uses rollies? Trends in product offerings, price and use of roll-your-own tobacco in Australia. Tob Control, 2019; 28(3):317-324. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30030409

8. Branston JR, McNeill A, Gilmore AB, Hiscock R, and Partos TR. Keeping smoking affordable in higher tax environments via smoking thinner roll-your-own cigarettes: Findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey 2006-15. Drug Alcohol Depend, 2018; 193:110-116. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352334

9. Morrison S and Cormann M. Budget 2017-18. Budget paper no. 2.Part 1. Revenue measures. Canberra: Treasury, 2017. Available from: http://www.budget.gov.au/2017-18/content/bp1/html/.

10. Customs Tariff Amendment (Tobacco Duty Harmonisation) Bill 2017, 2017. Available from: http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22legislation%2Fbillhome%2Fr5892%22;src1=sm1.

11. Excise Tariff Amendment (Tobacco Duty Harmonisation) Bill 2017, 2017. Available from: http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r5893.

12. Customs Tariff Amendment (Tobacco Duty Harmonisation) Bill 2017, Explanatory Memorandum, 2017. Available from: http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22legislation%2Fbillhome%2Fr5892%22;src1=sm1.

13. Excise Tariff Amendment (Tobacco Duty Harmonisation) Bill 2017, Explanatory Memorandum, 2017. Available from: http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r5893.

14. Bayly M, Scollo MM, and Wakefield MA. Who uses rollies? Trends in product offerings, price and use of roll-your-own tobacco in Australia. Tobacco Control, 2019; 28:317-324. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30030409

15. PricewaterhouseCoopers. Sales of cigarettes and tobacco products by type of retail business.  An analysis of sales of cigarettes and tobacco products to tobacco retailers in Australia.  Document tabled as part of a formal submission (no. 46) made by British American Tobacco Australia in relation to the Inquiry into Tobacco Smoking in New South Wales in 2006., Sydney: PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2005. Available from: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/11305582/sales-of-cigarettes-and-tobacco-products-by-type-of-retail-business.

16. Economic Studies and Strategies Unit. The significance of cigarettes and tobacco products to retailers. Sydney: PricewaterhouseCoopers, 1999.

17. Ross H and Chaloupka F. The effect of cigarette prices on youth smoking. Health Economics, 2003; 12(3):217–30. Available from: http://econpapers.repec.org/article/wlyhlthec/v_3A12_3Ay_3A2003_3Ai_3A3_3Ap_3A217-230.htm

18. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 6461.0 Australian Consumer Price Index: Concepts, Sources and Methods, 14th Series. Canberra: ABS, 2005. Available from: http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/free.nsf/0/78A8F9FCA2B2BA62CA256D580005314D/$File/64610_2003.pdf.

19. Prices Surveillance Authority. Report no. 52: inquiry into cigarettes declaration. Matter no: PI/94/1. Melbourne, Australia: PSA, 1994.

20. Scollo M, Owen T, and Boulter J. Price discounting of cigarettes during the National Tobacco Campaign, in Australia's National Tobacco Campaign: evaluation report vol. 2.  Hassard K, Editor Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care; 2000. p 155-200 Available from: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.195.8891&rep=rep1&type=pdf.

21. Scollo M, Bayly M, and Wakefield M. The advertised price of cigarette packs in retail outlets across Australia before and after the implementation of plain packaging: a repeated measures observational study. Tobacco Control, 2015; 24:ii82-ii89. Available from: http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/24/Suppl_2/ii82.full

22. Hyland A, Higbee C, Li Q, Bauer J, Giovino G, et al. Access to low-taxed cigarettes deters smoking cessation attempts. American Journal of Public Health, 2005; 95(6):994–5. Available from: http://www.ajph.org/cgi/reprint/95/6/994

23. Blecher E. A mountain or a molehill: is the illicit trade in cigarettes undermining tobacco control policy in South Africa? Trends in Organized Crime 2010; 13(4):299–315. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12117-010-9092-y

24. Scollo M, Younie S, Wakefield M, Freeman J, and Icasiano F. Impact of tobacco tax reforms on tobacco prices and tobacco use in Australia. Tobacco Control, 2003; 12(suppl. 2):ii59–66. Available from: http://tc.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/abstract/12/suppl_2/ii59

25. Li Q. Prices of Australian cigarettes from Waves 2 to 4 of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Study, Michelle Scollo of The Cancer Council Victoria, Editor 2006, Roswell Park Cancer Institute: Buffalo, NY.

26. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Data tables: National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2019 - 2. Tobacco smoking chapter, Supplementary data tables. Canberra: AIHW, 2020. Available from: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/illicit-use-of-drugs/national-drug-strategy-household-survey-2019/data.

27. World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2021: addressing new and emerging products. Geneva: WHO, 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/teams/health-promotion/tobacco-control/global-tobacco-report-2021.

28. The Economist Intelligence Unit. Worldwide Cost of Living 2020: Which global cities have the highest cost of living? , London: The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2020, 2022. Available from: http://www.eiu.com/public/thankyou_download.aspx?activity=download&campaignid=wcol2018.

29. World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic: Raising taxes on tobacco. Geneva: WHO, 2015. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241509121.

30. World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2017. Monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies Geneva: WHO, 2017. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/255874/1/9789241512824-eng.pdf?ua=1.

 

Technical appendix 13.3.1 Recommended retail price per stick of leading brands in Australia compared with reported prices paid—Australia 2002 to 2014

Table TA13.3.1

Recommended retail price per stick ($) of the ten most popular* Australian cigarette brands, 2002 to 2014 (selected years)

Source:   Recommended retail prices: NSW Retail Traders’ Association. Price lists—Cigarettes. The Retail Tobacconist of NSW. 2002–2018: 62 to 107 (August editions).

Note: In current dollars, no adjustment has been made for inflation. Data not available for 2012, 2015 and 2017.

* Brands most commonly nominated as smokers' regular brand in the Australian arm of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Study. Most popular pack size selected within each brand. Marlboro and JPS were equal tenth most popular in 2010.

Table TA13.3.2

Reported prices paid per stick ($) for the ten most popular* cigarette brands by smokers from Australian arm of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Study, 2002 to 2018 (selected years)

Source: International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Study, unpublished data provided by Partos T, 2012; Yong H, 2016; Le Grande M, 2019. Recommended retail prices: NSW Retail Traders’ Association. Price lists—Cigarettes. The Retail Tobacconist of NSW. 2002–2018: 62 to 107 (August editions).

Note: In current dollars, no adjustment has been made for inflation. Data not available for 2012, 2015 and 2017.

* Brands most commonly nominated as smokers' regular brand in the Australian arm of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Study. Most popular pack size selected within each brand. Marlboro and JPS were equal tenth most popular in 2010.

Table TA13.3.3

Percentage by which reported price paid for the ten most popular* Australian cigarette brands is different to RRP (unweighted), 2002 to 2014

Source: International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Study, unpublished data provided by Partos T, 2012; Yong H, 2016; Le Grande M, 2019. Recommended retail prices: NSW Retail Traders’ Association. Price lists—Cigarettes. The Retail Tobacconist of NSW. 2002–2018: 62 to 107 (August editions).

Note: In current dollars, no adjustment has been made for inflation. Data not available for 2012, 2015 and 2017.

* Brands most commonly nominated as smokers' regular brand in the Australian arm of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Study. Most popular pack size selected within each brand. Marlboro and JPS were equal tenth most popular in 2010.