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Chapter 2

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 References  

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24.   No authors listed. Juul bought advertising space on children’s websites, including cartoon network Reuters,  2020. Available from: https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-juul-vaping-lawsuit/juul-bought-ad-space-on-kids-websites-including-cartoon-network-lawsuit-idUKKBN2062TJ

25.   McCauley K. Philip Morris international vapes with vice media. OdwyerPR,  2019. Available from: https://www.odwyerpr.com/story/public/12234/2019-03-21/philip-morris-international-vapes-with-vice-media.html

26.   Miller A. 'A desperate act': Imperial tobacco Canada under fire for 'misinformation' ad campaign. CBC,  2020. Available from: https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/imperial-tobacco-canada-vaping-ad-misinformation-1.5480516

27.   The Canadian Press. Health Canada, quebec investigating imperial tobacco vaping ad campaign. CBC,  2020. Available from: https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/health-canada-investigating-vaping-ad-imperial-tobacco-1.5454578

28.   Meade A. Philip Morris-sponsored articles in the Australian could breach tobacco advertising laws.  2020. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/nov/19/philip-morris-sponsored-articles-in-the-australian-could-breach-tobacco-advertising-laws

29.   Kostygina G, Szczypka G, Czaplicki L, Borowiecki M, Ahn R, et al. Promoting corporate image or preventing underage use? Analysis of the advertising strategy and expenditures of the JUUL parent education for youth vaping prevention campaign. Tobacco Control, 2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34059551

30.   Zhu SH, Sun JY, Bonnevie E, Cummins SE, Gamst A, et al. Four hundred and sixty brands of e-cigarettes and counting: Implications for product regulation. Tobacco Control, 2014; 23 Suppl 3(suppl 3):iii3-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24935895

31.   Flint SW and Jones AW. The irresponsible promotion of e-cigarettes and swaptober. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 2018; 6(1):e3-e4. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29217461

32.   Richardson A, Ganz O, Stalgaitis C, Abrams D, and Vallone D. Noncombustible tobacco product advertising: How companies are selling the new face of tobacco. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2013; 16(5):606–14. Available from: http://ntr.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/5/606.full

33.   Nicksic NE, Brosnan PG, Chowdhury N, Barnes AJ, and Cobb CO. "Think it. Mix it. Vape it.": A content analysis on e-cigarette radio advertisements. Substance Use and Misuse, 2019; 54(8):1355-64. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30860933

34.   McCausland K, Maycock B, Leaver T, and Jancey J. The messages presented in electronic cigarette-related social media promotions and discussion: Scoping review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2019; 21(2):e11953. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30720440

35.   Grana RA and Ling PM. "Smoking revolution": A content analysis of electronic cigarette retail websites. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2014; 46(4):395-403. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24650842

36.   Allem JP, Cruz TB, Unger JB, Toruno R, Herrera J, et al. Return of cartoon to market e-cigarette-related products. Tobacco Control, 2019; 28(5):555-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30049688

37.   Knutzen KE, Moran MB, and Soneji S. Combustible and electronic tobacco and marijuana products in hip-hop music videos, 2013-2017. JAMA Internal Medicine, 2018; 178(12):1608-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30326017

38.   Kirkpatrick MG, Cruz TB, Unger JB, Herrera J, Schiff S, et al. Cartoon-based e-cigarette marketing: Associations with susceptibility to use and perceived expectations of use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2019; 201:109-14. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31207451

39.   Seitz CM, Orsini MM, Jung G, and Butler K. Cartoon images on e-juice labels: A descriptive analysis. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2020; 22(10):1909-11. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31996912

40.   Ben Taleb Z and Ebrahimi Kalan M. World vapor expo 2017: E-cigarette marketing tactics. Tobacco Control, 2018; 27(e1):e81-e2. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29540557

41.   Stanford University Research into the Impact of Tobacco Advertising. Cigs vs ecigs JUUL advertising images. SRITA,  2018. Available from: http://tobacco.stanford.edu/tobacco_main/images-comp.php?token2=fm_tn_st328.php&token1=fm_tn_img10799.php&theme_file=fm_tn_mt035.php&theme_name=Cigs%20vs.%20eCigs&subtheme_name=Cigs%20vs%20eCigs%20JUUL

42.   Hoek J and Freeman B. BAT(nz) draws on cigarette marketing tactics to launch vype in New Zealand. Tobacco Control, 2019; 28(e2):e162-e3. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31315965

43.   Duke JC, Allen JA, Eggers ME, Nonnemaker J, and Farrelly MC. Exploring differences in youth perceptions of the effectiveness of electronic cigarette television advertisements. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2016; 18(5):1382-6. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26706908

44.   Farrelly MC, Duke JC, Crankshaw EC, Eggers ME, Lee YO, et al. A randomized trial of the effect of e-cigarette tv advertisements on intentions to use e-cigarettes. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2015; 49(5):686-93. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26163170

45.   Vasiljevic M, Petrescu DC, and Marteau TM. Impact of advertisements promoting candy-like flavoured e-cigarettes on appeal of tobacco smoking among children: An experimental study. Tobacco Control, 2016; 25(e2):e107-e12. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26781305

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47.   Mackey TK, Miner A, and Cuomo RE. Exploring the e-cigarette e-commerce marketplace: Identifying internet e-cigarette marketing characteristics and regulatory gaps. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2015; 156:97-103. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26431794

48.   Glantz S. Ftc should collect and release detailed information on e-cigarette marketing and promotions.  2015. Available from: https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/ftc-should-collect-and-release-detailed-information-e-cigarette-marketing-and-promotions.

49.   Lempert LK, Chaffee BW, Popova L, Felsher B, Halpern K, et al. Detailed information and reports on electronic cigarette marketing and sales is essential for understanding the skyrocketing popularity and use of various electronic cigarette products among youth and young adults.  2015. Available from: https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/sites/tobacco.ucsf.edu/files/u9/FTC%20comment%20-%2027Dec2015-00032.pdf.

50.   No authors listed. 5 things FDA should do about JUUL e-cigarettes. Truth Initiative,  2018. Available from: https://truthinitiative.org/news/5-things-fda-should-do-about-juul-e-cigarettes

51.   O'Brien EK, Navarro MA, and Hoffman L. Mobile website characteristics of leading tobacco product brands: Cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, e-cigarettes, hookah and cigars. Tobacco Control, 2018. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30166427

52.   Gurram N, Thomson G, Wilson N, and Hoek J. Electronic cigarette online marketing by New Zealand vendors. New Zealand Medical Journal, 2019; 132(1506):20-33. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31778369

53.   Hardie L, McCool J, and Freeman B. Online retail promotion of e-cigarettes in New Zealand: A content analysis of e-cigarette retailers in a regulatory void. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33565666

54.   The Royal Children's Hospital. E-cigarettes, vaping and teens: Do parents know the dangers? ,  2020. Available from: https://www.rchpoll.org.au/polls/e-cigarettes-vaping-and-teens-do-parents-know-the-dangers/.

55.   Huang J, Kornfield R, and Emery SL. 100 million views of electronic cigarette YouTube videos and counting: Quantification, content evaluation, and engagement levels of videos. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2016; 18(3):e67. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26993213

56.   Kong G, Kuguru KE, Bhatti H, Sen I, and Morean ME. Marketing content on e-cigarette brand-sponsored Facebook profile pages. Substance Use and Misuse, 2021; 56(4):442-8. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33596764

57.   Sun L, Tao C, Xie Z, and Li D. Promotion of disposable electronic cigarette flavors and topics on Twitter. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020; 17(24). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33321714

58.   Czaplicki L, Kostygina G, Kim Y, Perks SN, Szczypka G, et al. Characterising JUUL-related posts on instagram. Tobacco Control, 2020; 29(6):612-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31266903

59.   Alpert JM, Chen H, Riddell H, Chung YJ, and Mu YA. Vaping and instagram: A content analysis of e-cigarette posts using the content appealing to youth (cay) index. Substance Use and Misuse, 2021; 56(6):879-87. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33749515

60.   Marynak KL and Moran M. Ad watch: 'Unstoppable' vuse alto tv spot closely mirrors 'nicotine addiction checks' on tiktok. Tobacco Control, 2020. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33093188

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63.   O'Brien EK, Hoffman L, Navarro MA, and Ganz O. Social media use by leading US e-cigarette, cigarette, smokeless tobacco, cigar and hookah brands. Tobacco Control, 2020; 29(e1):e87-e97. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32217772

64.   Cho YJ, Thrasher J, Cummings M, Yong HH, Hitchman SC, et al. Cross-country comparison of cigarette and vaping product marketing exposure and use: Findings from 2016 ITC four country smoking and vaping survey. Tobacco Control, 2020; 29(3):295-304. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31152116

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67.   Lee J, Tan ASL, Porter L, Young-Wolff KC, Carter-Harris L, et al. Association between social media use and vaping among florida adolescents, 2019. Preventing Chronic Disease, 2021; 18:E49. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33988495

68.   Alpert JM, Jaisle A, and Chen H. A content analysis of the promotional strategies employed by e-cigarette brands on Twitter. Health Mark Q, 2019; 36(4):307-21. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31696789

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70.   Kong G, LaVallee H, Rams A, Ramamurthi D, and Krishnan-Sarin S. Promotion of vape tricks on YouTube: Content analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2019; 21(6):e12709. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31215510

71.   No authors listed. Ministry of health sounds alarm over e-cigarettes. Vietnam Plus,  2020. Available from: https://en.vietnamplus.vn/ministry-of-health-sounds-alarm-over-ecigarettes/180133.vnp

72.   Perez S. Tiktok is being used by vape sellers marketing to US teens. Televisor,  2021. Available from: https://www.televisor.co.uk/social/tiktok-is-being-used-by-vape-sellers-marketing-to-teens/012616

73.   Martinez LS, Hughes S, Walsh-Buhi ER, and Tsou MH. "Okay, we get it. You vape": An analysis of geocoded content, context, and sentiment regarding e-cigarettes on Twitter. J Health Commun, 2018; 23(6):550-62. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29979920

74.   The Nicholson Foundation and The Public Good Projects. Over half of tweets about ecigs might come from bots.  2019. Available from: https://thenicholsonfoundation.org/sites/default/files/PGP-TNFBot_Detection_Report.pdf.

75.   Clark EM, Jones CA, Williams JR, Kurti AN, Norotsky MC, et al. Vaporous marketing: Uncovering pervasive electronic cigarette advertisements on Twitter. PLoS One, 2016; 11(7):e0157304. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27410031

76.   McCausland K, Maycock B, Leaver T, Wolf K, Freeman B, et al. E-cigarette advocates on Twitter: Content analysis of vaping-related tweets. JMIR Public Health Surveill, 2020; 6(4):e17543. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33052130

77.   Jongenelis MI, Jongenelis G, Alexander E, Kennington K, Phillips F, et al. A content analysis of the tweets of e-cigarette proponents in Australia. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34143553

78.   McCausland K, Maycock B, Leaver T, Wolf K, Freeman B, et al. E-cigarette promotion on Twitter in Australia: Content analysis of tweets. JMIR Public Health Surveill, 2020; 6(4):e15577. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33151159

79.   Kim AE, Hopper T, Simpson S, Nonnemaker J, Lieberman AJ, et al. Using Twitter data to gain insights into e-cigarette marketing and locations of use: An infoveillance study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2015; 17(11):e251. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26545927

80.   Majmundar A, Kirkpatrick M, Cruz TB, Unger JB, and Allem JP. Characterising kandypens-related posts to instagram: Implications for nicotine and cannabis use. Tobacco Control, 2020; 29(4):472-4. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31147484

81.   Tan ASL and Weinreich E. #puffbar: How do top videos on tiktok portray puff bars? Tobacco Control, 2020. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32934090

82.   Cortese DK, Szczypka G, Emery S, Wang S, Hair E, et al. Smoking selfies: Using instagram to explore young women’s smoking behaviors. Social Media + Society, 2018; 4(3):2056305118790762. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2056305118790762

83.   Conti A. This 21-year-old is making thousands a month vaping on YouTube. Vice.com,  2018. Available from: https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/8xvjmk/this-21-year-old-is-making-thousands-a-month-vaping-on-youtube

84.   Packer A. Social media may be creating a new generation of smokers. Georgia State Signal,  2018. Available from: http://georgiastatesignal.com/social-media-may-be-creating-a-new-generation-of-smokers/

85.   Kim AE, Chew R, Wenger M, Cress M, Bukowski T, et al. Estimated ages of JUUL Twitter followers. JAMA Pediatrics, 2019; 173(7):690-2. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31107511

86.   Kim Y, Emery SL, Vera L, David B, and Huang J. At the speed of Juul: Measuring the Twitter conversation related to ends and Juul across space and time (2017-2018). Tobacco Control, 2021; 30(2):137-46. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32198278

87.   House Committee on Oversight and Reform. Examining juul’s role in the youth nicotine epidemic: Part ii.  2019. Available from: https://oversight.house.gov/legislation/hearings/examining-juul-s-role-in-the-youth-nicotine-epidemic-part-ii

88.   House Committee on Oversight and Reform. Examining juul’s role in the youth nicotine epidemic: Part i.  2019. Available from: https://oversight.house.gov/legislation/hearings/examining-juul-s-role-in-the-youth-nicotine-epidemic-part-i

89.   No authors listed. Blu introduces ‘something better’ campaign. Convenience Store Decisions,  2017. Available from: https://www.cstoredecisions.com/2017/10/02/blu-introduces-something-better-campaign/#_

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92.   Shukman H. British American tobacco used young instagram stars in its ads. The Times,  2019. Available from: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/british-american-tobacco-used-young-instagram-stars-in-its-ads-hs6wgf5z2

93.   Gali K, Fuchs H, and Prochaska JJ. 'Do both': Glo events and promotion in Germany. Tobacco Control, 2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33479030

94.   Yi J, Kim J, and Lee S. British American tobacco's 'Glo sens' promotion with k-pop. Tobacco Control, 2020. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32769211

95.   Meddings S. Interview: Imperial brands’ alison cooper sees light at the end of tobacco road. The Times,  2019. Available from: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/interview-imperial-brands-alison-cooper-sees-light-at-the-end-of-tobacco-road-5lmm3g2g8

96.   Dyer O. E-cigarette makers under fire for marketing to young people. British Medical Journal, 2019; 365:l2261. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31101616

97.   Wakefield J. Instagram e-cigarette posts banned by ad watchdog. BBC News,  2019. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-50821476

98.   Escobedo P, Rosenthal EL, Saucier CJ, Unger JB, Cruz TB, et al. E-cigarette product placement and imagery in popular music videos. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2020. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33367917

99.   Farley R. Is JUULing, the cool kid accessory of choice, going to make it to television? Refinery29,  2018. Available from: https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2018/10/213641/juul-vape-teen-tv-netflix-shows

100. Freeman B and Watts C. Smoke screens: Vaping on film looks less glamorous than the hollywood smoking of yesteryear. The Conversation, 2021. Available from: https://theconversation.com/smoke-screens-vaping-on-film-looks-less-glamorous-than-the-hollywood-smoking-of-yesteryear-163359

101. Lee WB. E-cigarette marketing targeted to youth in South Korea. Tobacco Control, 2017; 26(e2):e140-e4. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28062581

102. Majmundar A, Unger JB, Cruz TB, Kirkpatrick MG, and Allem JP. Exposure to e-cigarette product placement in music videos is associated with vaping among young adults. Health Education & Behavior, 2021:10901981211003867. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33821689

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Intro
Chapter 2