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18.5 Chemicals in e-liquids and e-cigarette aerosols
Foreword

Relevant news and research: Chemicals in e-liquids and e-cigarette aerosols

Feng, J., Wang, X., Zhang, M., Xiang, P. and Zhao, J. (2026). Structural Characterization of 4-Fluorometomidate: A Novel Metomidate Derivative Detected in an E-Cigarette. Drug Test Anal. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41936393


Alfares, M. (2026). Toxic chemicals found in legal vapes. The Australian. Available from:


Pandya, V., Bhatnagar, A., Beck, K. J. and Muthumalage, T. (2026). Comparative toxicity of menthol- and tobacco-flavored electronic cigarette constituents inducing inflammation, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulation in the absence of nicotine. Toxicol Rep, 102224. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41847316


Raghu, R., Sengupta, M., Lin, K., Effah, F., Strongin, R. M. and Rahman, I. (2026). Toxicity, Chemistry, and Public Health Relevance of Emerging Nicotine Analog Vapes, Pods, and Pouches. Chem Res Toxicol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41915848


Zhang, S., Zou, Y., Wang, H., Zhou, J. and Gu, Y. (2026). Discovery and Engineering Imine Reductase for Gram-Scale Synthesis of (S)-Nicotine. Org Lett, 11, 3505-3509. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41810979


Effah, F., Sengupta, M., Sun, Y., Faizan, M. I., Kaur, G., Raghu, R., Elzein, A., Marczylo, T., Strongin, R. M. and Rahman, I. (2026). A comparative toxicological evaluation of nicotine and its analog 6-methyl nicotine in E-cigarette aerosol utilizing a 3D in vitro human respiratory model. Toxicology, 154421. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41628686


O'Connor, R. J., Li, D., Xie, Z., Page, M. K., Felicione, N. J., Schneller-Najm, L. M., Ye, P., Raczyk, A., Bansal-Travers, M. and Goniewicz, M. L. (2026). Characterising 'Spree Bar': an examination of the popularity, marketing and composition of a vaping device with a nicotine analogue across multiple data streams. Tob Control. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41667265


Bouz, M. E. L., Neto, C., Mansuy, T., Becher, R., Valen, H., Mariussen, E., Blanco-Escauriaza, D. A., Gonzalez-Marron, A., Zervas, E., Havermans, A., Talhout, R. and Staal, Y. C. M. (2025). Health Hazards of E-Cigarettes and Heated Tobacco Products: a Comprehensive Analysis of Hazardous Substances and Regulatory Gaps. Nicotine Tob Res. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41351476


Muranaka, K., Mutoh, J., Takada, M., Yanagita, Y., Noguchi, K., Tachibana, K., Kishikawa, N., Kuroda, N. and Wada, M. (2025). Rapid appearance of caffeine in plasma of rats exposed to e-cigarette smoke, analyzed using a validated LC-MS/MS method. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 117317. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41411737


Bansal-Travers, M., Villanti, A. C., Page, M., Goniewicz, M. L., O'Connor, R. J., Giovenco, D. P., Krishnan-Sarin, S., Bold, K. W., Barnes, A. J. and Price, S. (2025). Commentary Paper on Cooling Flavors In Cigarette and Non-Cigarette Tobacco Products. Nicotine Tob Res. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41263502


Sakalauskaite, S., Zdanavicius, L., Steinmiller, J. and Istomina, N. (2025). Exposure to Toxic Compounds Using Alternative Smoking Products: Analysis of Empirical Data. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40724077


Valenzuela, E. F., Simoes, I. F., Camelier, F. W. R., de Freitas Santos Junior, A., Viola, Z. and Carolina da Fonseca Andrade, G. (2025). Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in e-cigarettes: A thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) approach. Talanta, 128255. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40334512


Carvalho, B., Foiani, L., Zucco, G., Faria, N. C., Nepomuceno, G., Silva, K. C. S., Borges, R., Oliveira Alves, M. G., Perez-Sayans, M., Martinho, H. D. S. and Almeida, J. D. (2025). Decoding E-Cigarette Secrets: Unveiling Saliva and E-Liquid Composition through Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. ACS Omega, 12, 11911-11921. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40191371


Zhang, H., Cheng, H., Chen, D., Wang, C., Mao, J., Yang, Z., Chen, W. T., Li, L. and Hu, G. (2025). Covalent organic framework encapsulated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for ultrasensitive electrochemical determination of lead ions in water and e-cigarette samples. Nanoscale. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40197416


Earlier news and research

For news items and research on this topic earlier than 2025, click here.

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