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18.6.3 E-cigarette use and cardiovascular disease
Foreword

Relevant news and research: E-cigarette use and cardiovascular disease

Gardner, J. D. (2025). Are E-Cigarettes a Safer Alternative? Revisiting the Cardiovascular Cost of Nicotine Delivery. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41213171


Bitar, M., Pourchez, J., Le Hello, C., Bertoletti, L. and Forest, V. (2025). E-Cigarette and Endothelial Function horizontal line A Critical Review of Preclinical Studies. Chem Res Toxicol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41165203


Kaur, J., Goel, S., Shabil, M., Rana, R. K., Rinkoo, A. V., Chauhan, A. and Gupta, S. (2025). Health impacts of electronic nicotine delivery systems: an umbrella review of systematic reviews. BMJ Open, 10, e100168. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41073111


Ranchal-Lavela, C., Casanova-Rodriguez, D., Ranchal-Sanchez, A., Torre-Aguilar, M. J. and Jurado-Castro, J. M. (2025). Time- and Dose-Dependent Cardiovascular Effects of Nicotine-Containing Electronic Cigarettes in Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Toxics, 10. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41150531


Abou-Assali, O., Chidipi, B., Chang, M., Reiser, M., Asswaytte, R., Zhang, Y., Long Duong, V. B., Szekeres, C., Calcul, L. and Noujaim, S. F. (2025). Oxidative stress mediates cardiac electrophysiological injury in inhalation exposure to flavored vaping products. Heart Rhythm. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40930480


Bishara, J. A. and Evers, P. (2025). Pre-existing pulmonary arterial hypertension decompensation associated with e-cigarettes in an adolescent. Cardiol Young, 3-Jan. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40977286


Black, J. E., 3rd, Raymond, T. O. and Dickinson, A. J. G. (2025). E-Cigarette and Vanillin Exposure Disrupts Cardiovascular Development in Xenopus laevis. Birth Defects Res, 10, e2535. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41013922


Cordoba Garcia, R., Barchilon Cohen, V., Lozano Fernandez, J. and Torras-Borrell, J. (2025). New nicotine products and vascular risk. Hipertens Riesgo Vasc. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40946015


Dalibalta, S., Jabbour, J., Khan, A., Elsayed, Y., Mohamed, A. and Samara, F. (2025). An assessment into the health and environmental impacts of smoking dokha and E-cigarettes in a Young United Arab Emirates (UAE) population. Int J Environ Health Res, 15-Jan. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40899483


La Rosa, G. R. M., Yu, J., Geraci, G., Capodanno, D., Ohki, T., George, J. and Polosa, R. (2025). Vascular and Cardiovascular Outcomes of Smoking Cessation and Switching to Electronic Cigarette Use: Protocol for a Systematic Review of Prospective Studies. JMIR Res Protoc, e74949. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41021918


Lao, C. J., Jordan, M. C., Rivera, J. C., Tintut, Y., Luna, K., Ramirez-Trillo, W., Yamamoto, T., Pandit, B., Huang, C., Li, A., Wang, S. L., Nguyen, T., Castro, V., Kothari, A., Chen, V. C., Shao, X. M., Friedman, T. C. and Roos, K. P. (2025). Conventional Tobacco and Electronic Cigarettes Differentially Affect Cardiovascular Health in Male and Female Mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41015405


Tansawet, A., Anothaisintawee, T., Boonmanunt, S. W., Pornsuriyasak, P., Sukhato, K., Chawala, N., Inpithuk, P., Savigamin, C., Liampeng, S., Attia, J., McKay, G. J. and Thakkinstian, A. (2025). Electronic cigarettes and cardiovascular diseases: An updated systematic review and network meta-analysis. Tob Induc Dis. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40917139


Wolfes, J., Reitnauer, L. and Eckardt, L. (2025). Early repolarization pattern with oral liquid nicotine. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 1, 651. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40926197


Zhao, X., Yin, W. and Maziak, W. (2025). Partial and Complete Nicotine Reduction's Effect on E-Cigarette Users' Cardiovascular Response. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40898834


Celik, F. B., Irgi, T., Guvenc, T. S., Celik, M., Yesildag, F., Atici, A., Yilmaz, Y. and Caliskan, M. (2025). Exposure to electronic cigarettes impairs vascular and microvascular function. Int J Cardiol, 133789. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40829750


Minetti, E. T., Erythropel, H. C., Keith, R., Davis, D. R., Zimmerman, J. B., Krishnan-Sarin, S. and Hamburg, N. M. (2025). Cardiovascular Health Effects and Synthetic Cooling Agents in E-Cigarettes Labeled as "Clear" Marketed in Massachusetts After the Tobacco Product Flavoring Ban. J Am Heart Assoc, 16, e036106. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40792641


Padi, A. R., Patel, R., Dumpala, M., Anjum, A., Ahmed, I., Dronadula, V., Saeed, Z. B., Mirza, M. S. S. and Jonnala, R. R. (2025). Impact of E-cigarette Use on Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Elderly Former Smokers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus, 7, e87666. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40786275


Sanchez, V. A., Pradhyumnan, H., Diaz, I. C., Patel, S. H., Perez, G., Bramlett, H. M., Perez-Pinzon, M. A., Vontell, R. T. and Raval, A. P. (2025). Exposure to electronic cigarette vapor exacerbates ischemic loss of tryptophan/tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the rat brain. Exp Neurol, 115416. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40782938


Simovic, T., Matheson, C. L., Colon, M., Cobb, C. O., Voynow, J., Kim, Y., Nana-Sinkam, P., Garten, R. and Rodriguez-Miguelez, P. (2025). Exploring the Impact of E-cigarettes on Cardiovascular Health: Insights from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Cardiovasc Toxicol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40825878


Basma, H., Dhar, K., Payne, J., Rennard, S. and Lowes, B. D. (2025). Electronic and regular cigarettes induce transcriptional and physiological changes in cardiomyocytes. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 1, 536. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40702418


Bianchi, L., Damiani, I., De Salvo, R., Rossi, C., Carleo, A., D'Alonzo, C., Bini, L., Corsini, A. and Bellosta, S. (2025). Differential effects of traditional cigarette, electronic cigarette, and tobacco heating product on human vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch: A comparative functional perspective. Atherosclerosis, 120412. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40614667


de Araujo, L. C., da Silva, L. D., de Sousa, P. A. B., da Silva Ribeiro, F., da Silva, E. D., Cruvinel, M. A., Spina, G. S., Sampaio, R. O. and Tarasoutchi, F. (2025). Can electronic cigarettes affect ECG repolarization indices? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Electrocardiol, 154067. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40737918


Farra, Y. M., Sabnis, S., Matz, J., Wilker, H., Williams, V. A., Trejo, O., Kim, H., Rivera, C., Vlahos, J., Ramkhelawon, B., Oakes, J. M. and Bellini, C. (2025). Chronic Pod-Mod E-Cigarette Aerosol Exposure Induces Aortic Dysfunction in Hypercholesterolemic Mice: Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40703064


Sgai, M. G., Robleto, E., Shafazand, S., Jackson, R. M. and Shehadeh, L. A. (2025). The impact of e-cigarettes versus traditional cigarettes on long-term cardiopulmonary outcomes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2, H554-H571. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40668640


Wang, J., Xu, B., Wang, Y., Liu, J., Wang, P., Porche, R., Kim, S., Yang, R., Shao, X. M., Lutfy, K., Liu, L., Friedman, T. C., Jiang, M. and Liu, Y. (2025). E-Cigarette Smoke Exposure Elevates Renal MR Expression and Induces BP Elevation. Hypertension. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40636976


Axt, P. N., Mohr, T., Steffen, A., Plotze-Martin, K., Jagodzinski, N., Bohnet, S., Dromann, D., Bruchhage, K. L., Franzen, K. F. and Pries, R. (2025). Influence of Different Nicotine Sources on Exercise-Driven Immune Responses of Peripheral Blood Monocytes. Toxics, 6. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40559945


Basit, A., Javed, S., Mehmood, Q., Hammad, M. A., Farzeela and Basil, A. M. (2025). Rising trend of E-cigarettes among adolescents of Pakistan and cardiovascular implications of electronic nicotine delivery systems. World J Cardiol, 6, 108567. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40575423


Dahal, S., Yingst, J., Wang, X., Cobb, C. O., Carrillo, M., Hrabovsky, S., Bascom, R., Lopez, A. A., Kang, L., Maloney, S., Halquist, M., Foulds, J. and Veldheer, S. (2025). Changes in cardiovascular disease risk, lung function and other clinical health outcomes when people who smoke use e-cigarettes to reduce cigarette smoking: an exploratory analysis from a randomised placebo-controlled trial. BMJ Open, 6, e098005. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40533223


Shi, J., Dai, W., Carreno, J., Sachdeva, J., Chavez, J., Kleinman, M. T., Herman, D. A., Arechavala, R. J., Hasen, I., Ting, A. and Kloner, R. A. (2025). Inflammatory response to chronic nicotine-containing electronic cigarette exposure in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Tob Induc Dis. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40453633


Alanazi, W. A., Alqudayri, Y., Alqahtani, F., Alasmari, F. and El-Nagar, D. M. (2025). Evaluation of the effects of Tempol on oxidative stress and angiotensin-II induced hypertension in mice exposed to nicotine from electronic and tobacco cigarettes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 117386. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40360057


Bitar, M., Mercier, C., Bertoletti, L., Pourchez, J. and Forest, V. (2025). Flavor-induced inflammation and cytotoxicity in human aortic smooth muscle cells: Potential implications for E-cigarette safety. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 117388. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40354984


Kang, J. Y. and Lee, S. H. (2025). Cardiac arrest and rapid progression of severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy following ingestion of liquid nicotine. Am J Emerg Med. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40312196


Lee, P. N. and Farsalinos, K. (2025). Comparing smoking-related disease rates from e-cigarette use with those from tobacco cigarette use: a reanalysis of a recently-published study. Harm Reduct J, 1, 78. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40361147


Rodu, B., Plurphanswat, N. and Rodu, J. (2025). Inaccurate and misleading meta-analysis of E-cigarettes and population-based diseases. Intern Emerg Med. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40350507


Benowitz, N. L. (2025). Predicting Cardiovascular Risk With Use of Various Tobacco Products. Circulation, 14, 1006-1008. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40193542


Ding, C., Yuan, M., Cheng, J. and Wen, J. (2025). Cross-sectional study on smoking types and stroke risk: development of a predictive model for identifying stroke risk. Front Physiol, 1528910. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40196720


Ding, R., Ren, X., Sun, Q., Liu, S., Huang, L., Sun, Z. and Duan, J. (2025). Single-Cell Transcriptomics Revealed E-Cigarettes-Induced Vascular Remodeling by Enhancing Tcf21 Expression. MedComm (2020), 5, e70183. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40248042


Naqvi, H. and Searles, C. (2025). Association between electronic cigarette use and cardiovascular disease among a United States representative population. Int J Cardiol Cardiovasc Risk Prev, 200401. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40242560


Ramalingam, A. R., Kucera, C., Srivastava, S., Paily, R., Stephens, D., Lorkiewicz, P., Wilkey, D. W., Merchant, M., Bhatnagar, A. and Carll, A. P. (2025). Acute and Persistent Cardiovascular Effects of Menthol E-Cigarettes in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc, e037420. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40281649


Erhabor, J., Yao, Z., Tasdighi, E., Benjamin, E. J., Bhatnagar, A. and Blaha, M. J. (2025). E-cigarette Use and Incident Cardiometabolic Conditions in the All of Us Research Program. Nicotine Tob Res. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40089810


Farber, H. J. (2025). Prognosis after switching to e-cigarettes: methods raise doubt about conclusion. Eur Heart J. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40130987


Kang, D. and Choi, K. H. (2025). Less harmful alternative for smoking: addressing concerns on the observational study of electronic cigarettes and cardiovascular outcomes. Eur Heart J. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40131016


Kelesidis, T., Fotooh Abadi, L., Ruedisueli, I., D'Costa, Z. U. and Middlekauff, H. R. (2025). Atherogenic Effects of Acute Electronic Cigarette Compared With Tobacco Cigarette Smoking in People Living With HIV: A Randomized Crossover Trial. J Am Heart Assoc, e038258. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40105098


Suryawan, I. G. R., Ardiana, M., Putra, T. S., Puspitasari, A. N., Adi, P., Widiarti, W. and Saputra, P. B. T. (2025). The impact of conventional and electronic cigarette exposure on atherosclerosis development in Rattus norvegicus. Egypt Heart J, 1, 35. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40138141


Kundu, A., Feore, A., Sanchez, S., Abu-Zarour, N., Sutton, M., Sachdeva, K., Seth, S., Schwartz, R. and Chaiton, M. (2025). Cardiovascular health effects of vaping e-cigarettes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40010935


Zhao, P., Yang, J. J. and Buu, A. (2025). Applied statistical methods for identifying features of heart rate that are associated with nicotine vaping. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 1-Aug. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39927697


Crea, F. (2025). Challenges with oral anticoagulants: bridging before surgery and concomitant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Focus on revascularization of ischaemic cardiomyopathy and e-cigarettes after percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J, 1, 1-May. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39749540


Kang, D. and Choi, K. H. (2025). Combustible cigarette smoking harms nearly every organ in the body. Eur Heart J. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39775792


Mahgoup, E. M., Khaleel, S. A., El-Mahdy, M. A. and Zweier, J. L. (2024). Electronic cigarette vape decreases nitric oxide bioavailability in vascular smooth muscle cells via increased cytoglobin-mediated metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med, 339-349. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39743029


Zhao, Y., Sun, J. and Lv, X. (2025). What truly drives the significant reduction in major adverse cardiac events after switching to electronic cigarettes following percutaneous coronary intervention?. Eur Heart J. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39774636


Cheraghi, M., Amiri, M., Omidi, F., Shahidi Bonjar, A. H., Bakhshi, H., Vaezi, A., Nasiri, M. J. and Mirsaeidi, M. (2024). Acute cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J Open, 6, oeae098. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39712649


Hassan, M., Vinagolu-Baur, J., Li, V., Frasier, K., Herrick, G., Scotto, T. and Rankin, E. (2024). E-cigarettes and arterial health: A review of the link between vaping and atherosclerosis progression. World J Cardiol, 12, 707-719. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39734821


Savko, C., Esquer, C. A., Molinaro, C., Rokaw, S., Shain, A. G., Jaafar, F., Wright, M. K., Phillips, J. A., Hopkins, T., Mikhail, S., Rieder, A., Mardani, A., Bailey, B. and Sussman, M. A. (2024). Myocardial Infarction Injury Is Exacerbated by Nicotine in Vape Aerosol Exposure. J Am Heart Assoc, e038012. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39704237


Earlier news and research

For news items and research on this topic earlier than 2025, click here.

Intro
Chapter 2