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18.6.5 E-cigarette use and the risk of non-infectious respiratory diseases
Foreword

Relevant news and research: E-cigarette use and the risk of non-infectious respiratory diseases

Afolabi, S. O., Olaoye, S. O., Nyamgee, A. and Njan, A. A. (2025). Comparative effects of alternate tobacco products and traditional tobacco smoking on various organ/systems: A guide to regulators and health policy makers. Toxicol Rep, 102100. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40988706


Al Alhadi, N. A., Alamer, A. K., Albalawi, R. H. and Ahmed, A. E. (2025). Severe Vaping Product Use‑Associated Lung Injury in a Healthy Young Adult: A Case Report. Cureus, 8, e89495. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40918758


Bao, X., Hu, H., Dun, Y., Tang, Y., Liu, F., Zhou, J., Mo, W. and Shen, J. (2025). A mouse model of E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) induced by nose-only exposure to aerosolized vitamin E acetate and associated macrophage dysfunction. Respir Res, 1, 263. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40887642


D'Abreo J, J., Chivers, E. K., Noble, P. B., Berry, L. J., Huxley, R. R., Musk, A. B. W., Franklin, P. J., Mullins, B. J., Landwehr, K. R. and Larcombe, A. N. (2025). The effects of e-cigarette use on asthma severity in adult BALB/c mice. Exp Physiol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40946325


Easwaran, M., Kimura, A., Liao, H. Y., Khan, M. I., Golchin, A., Kiessling, P. and Erickson-DiRenzo, E. (2025). Laryngeal Basal Cell Response to Cigarette Smoke and E-Cigarette Aerosol Exposures. Laryngoscope. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40888519


Rasmussen, L. W., Finley, D. C., Smith, J. B., Noa, A. S., Blalock, J. E., Gaggar, A. and Madison, M. C. (2025). E-cigarette vapor amplifies neutrophilic inflammation and proteolytic EVs in response to LPS. Front Immunol, 1665936. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40936904


Sul, O. J., Choi, H. W., Park, S. H., Kim, M. J. and Ra, S. W. (2025). Effects of heated tobacco products and conventional cigarettes on oxidative stress and inflammation in alveolar macrophages. Toxicol In Vitro, 106151. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41016452


Tran, D. V., Sheets, N. W. and Limas, J. (2025). Impact of Vaping on Hospital Outcomes in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Cureus, 7, e89138. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40896029


Chen, R., Guy, E. F. S., Clifton, J. A., Chase, J. G., Rupitsch, S. J. and Moeller, K. (2025). An EIT-based assessment of regional ventilation delay under incremental PEEP: Influence of sex, smoking, vaping, asthma, and BMI. Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 108992. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40743698


Findlay-Greene, F., Donnellan, S. and Vass, S. (2025). Analysing the acute toxicity of e-cigarette liquids and their vapour on human lung epithelial (A549) cells in vitro. Toxicol Rep, 102092. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40778319


Gonzalez, D. H., Kang, E. M., Nguyen, E. N., Castellanos, J. A., Louie, A., Gupta, R., Chen, H., Zhu, Y., Campbell, S. J., Paulson, S. E., Jordan, M. C., Roos, K. P., Whitelegge, J., Cho, A. K. and Araujo, J. A. (2025). Inhalation of Electrophilic and Redox Active Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Increases Oxidative Potential in the Lung in an Acute Manner. Free Radic Biol Med. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40885457


Li, C. W., Chan, E. T. and Nyanti, L. E. (2025). Fatal E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-associated Lung Injury Secondary to Streptococcus Constellatus Empyema. Oman Med J, 2, e738. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40786237


Obeid, R. F., Mouselhy, Y. Y., Eltaher, M. and El-Sharkawy, R. T. (2025). In vitro assessment of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract's protective impact on fibroblast cell line (WI-38) exposed to electronic cigarette liquid. Sci Rep, 1, 30022. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40818990


Roslly, M. Z. and Syed Rozhan, S. A. A. (2025). E-Cigarette- or Vaping-Associated Lung Injury. N Engl J Med, 6, 592. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40757667


Xie, Y., Zhou, X., Huang, D., Yao, H., Su, Z., Liu, Z., Cheng, A., Huang, Z., Li, J., Qin, R., Liu, Y., Xia, X., Song, Q., Zhao, L., Xiao, D. and Wang, C. (2025). Association between e-cigarette use and COVID-19 diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 1, 2764. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40814093


Chen, Y., Jiang, H., Liu, W., Du, Z., Wang, Z., Zhou, Z. and Chi, F. (2025). Adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework for predicting toxic mechanisms in E-cigarette-induced lung injury. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 118703. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40729911


Durra, A., Cherry, C., Luo, C., Hou, E., Frauenpreis, A., Purkayastha, A., Passamano, I., Makanani, S., Castillo, K., Lund, A., Choi, W., Sen, C., Chandran, R., Rickabaugh, T., Kaushal, P., Bouhaddou, M., Vladar, E. K. and Gomperts, B. N. (2025). Unflavored electronic cigarette exposure induces alterations in airway ciliary structure and function. Respir Res, 1, 223. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40604837


Shabil, M., Malvi, A., Khatib, M. N., Ganesan, S., Kaur, M., Srivastava, M., Prasad, G. V. S., Rajput, P., Mohan, B., Jena, D., Bushi, G., Sah, S., Satapathy, P., Samal, S. K. and Mawejje, E. (2025). Association of electronic cigarette use and risk of COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med, 1, 31. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40624045


Wang, J., Ayers, J., Leas, E., Gamst, A. and Zhu, S. H. (2025). Media Reports and Knowledge of e-Cigarette or Vaping Use-Associated Lung Injury Among Adolescents in California: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. J Med Internet Res, e69151. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40729669


de Souza, A. B. F., Machado-Junior, P. A., Pio, S., Talvani, A. and Bezerra, F. S. (2025). The influence of sexual dimorphism on diaphragm muscle after long-term exposure to e-cigarette. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 117446. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40543626


Khan, A., Richardson, C., McElroy, J. P., Singh, A., Weng, D. Y., Kamel, S., Reisinger, S. A., Wewers, M. D., Shields, P. G. and Song, M. A. (2025). Associations of volatile organic compounds with accelerated epigenetic aging in the lungs of smokers and electronic cigarette users. Sci Total Environ, 179792. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40449353


Kim, C. Y., Park, S. H., Seong, Y., Choi, Y. J., Park, H. J., Cho, J. H. and Byun, M. K. (2025). Dual Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Cigarettes Elevates Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Mental Health Issues: Insights from a Korean Health Survey. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 1973-1981. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40547288


Rizik, S., Bar-Yoseph, R., Hanna, M., Hakim, F., Broza, Y., Sader, A., Toukan, Y., Haick, H., Bentur, L. and Gur, M. (2025). Short-term effects of electronic cigarette smoking on cardiorespiratory parameters, volatile organic compounds and inflammatory markers. ERJ Open Res, 3. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40491466


Alsaedi, M. Q. and Al-Zalabani, A. H. (2025). The association between electronic cigarette use and respiratory symptoms among university students: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia. Tob Induc Dis. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40321724


Amjad, M. A., Ocazionez Trujillo, D., Estrada, Y. M. R. M. and Cherian, S. V. (2025). E-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 5. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40427906


Homoud, M. M., Qoutah, R., Krishna, G., Harbli, N., Saaty, L., Obaidan, A., Alkhathami, A., Jamil, N., Alkayyat, T. M., Alsughayyir, M., Gubari, N., Alkhathami, S., Alqarni, A., Alqurashi, O., Assiri, K., Alwadeai, K. S., Abdulrahman, W., Alahmadi, H. and Alahmari, A. (2025). Comparative assessment of respiratory, hematological and inflammatory profiles of long-term users of cigarettes, shisha, and e-cigarettes in Saudi Arabia. Tob Induc Dis. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40352805


McElroy, J. P., Song, M. A., Barr, J. R., Gardner, M. S., Kinnebrew, G., Kuklenyik, Z., Kusovschi, J. D., Rees, J. C., Blount, B. C., Tsai, M., Wewers, M. D., Kamel, S., Reisinger, S. A., Singh, A., Weng, D. Y. and Shields, P. G. (2025). Lung lipids associated with smoking and ECIG use in a cross-sectional study and clinical trial. Respir Res, 1, 193. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40394619


Moll, M., Xu, Z., Boueiz, A., Ryu, M. H., Silverman, E. K., Cho, M. H., Hersh, C. P., Sauler, M., Polverino, F., Kinney, G. L., Curtis, J. L., Crotty-Alexander, L. E., Vollmers, C. and Castaldi, P. J. (2025). B-cell immune repertoire sequencing in tobacco cigarette smoking, vaping, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the COPDGene cohort. Front Immunol, 1508786. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40386772


Sinha, I., Bitzer, Z., Barnett, S., Reinhart, L., Umstead, T. M., Chroneos, Z. C., Lanza, M., Sun, D., Zhu, J., Richie, J. P., Jr. and Sinha, R. (2025). Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Mouse Lungs Following Nose-Only Exposures. Chem Res Toxicol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40401807


Spicuzza, L., Pennisi, F., Caci, G., Cibella, F., Campagna, D., Adebisi, Y. A., Saitta, C., George, J., Geraci, G. and Polosa, R. (2025). Improved aerobic capacity in a randomized controlled trial of noncombustible nicotine and tobacco products. Sci Rep, 1, 19104. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40447739


Cardoso, A. M. G., Rabelo, W. N. A., Soder, S. A., Perin, F. A. and Camargo, S. M. (2025). The hidden dangers of electronic cigarettes: e-cigarette, or vaping, product-use associated lung injury requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Bras Pneumol, 1, e20240163. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40172408


Cotto, H. M., Farra, Y. M., Sorenson, A. G., Shingwekar, S., Chen, Y., Sebastiani, P., Bellini, C. and Oakes, J. M. (2025). Longitudinal Electronic Cigarette Exposures Impair Respiratory Function and Structure in the Female Apoe/- Mouse. Nicotine Tob Res. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40269654


Kabele, M., Lyytinen, G., Bosson, J. A., Hedman, L., Antoniewicz, L., Lundback, M. and Mobarrez, F. (2025). Nicotine in E-cigarette aerosol may lead to pulmonary inflammation. Respir Med, 108101. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40239848


Larcombe, A. N., Chivers, E. K., Landwehr, K. R., Berry, L. J., de Jong, E., Huxley, R. R., Musk, A., Franklin, P. J. and Mullins, B. J. (2025). Partial amelioration of a chronic cigarette-smoke-induced phenotype in mice by switching to electronic cigarettes. Arch Toxicol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40249508


Pinkston, R. I., Schexnayder, M., Perveen, Z., Langohr, I. M., Jelesijevic, T., Penn, A. L. and Noel, A. (2025). MMP12 deficiency attenuates menthol e-cigarette plus house dust-mite effects on pulmonary iron homeostasis and oxidative stress. Respir Res, 1, 135. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40217328


Tannert Niang, K. M., Grasso, A. B., Debchoudhury, I., Bushman, D., Jasek, J. P., Fairclough, M. A., Van Oss, K. R., Chamany, S., LaSane, K. D., Franklin, S. M. and Talati, A. K. (2025). Prospective follow-up of New York City residents with e-cigarette, or vaping product use-associated lung injury-2020-2021. PLoS One, 4, e0304918. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40305486


Veliz, P., Jardine, J., Kcomt, L., Boyd, C., McCabe, S. E. and Evans-Polce, R. (2025). Assessing the Association Between Respiratory Symptoms and Nicotine and Cannabis Use Through Traditional and E-Product Devices in the U.S. AJPM Focus, 1, 100291. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40225959


Yang, X., Che, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, H. and Chen, X. (2025). Chronic airway inflammatory diseases and e-cigarette use: a review of health risks and mechanisms. Eur J Med Res, 1, 223. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40170170


Beaumont, A. L., Raduka, A., Gao, N., Lee, C. E., Chatburn, R. L. and Rezaee, F. (2025). The impact of electronic cigarettes on airway epithelial barrier integrity in preclinical mouse model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 4, L564-L570. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40059636


Beyazcicek, O., Tarran, R., Ozmerdivenli, R. and Beyazcicek, E. (2025). The Effects of Individual Components of E-Cigarettes on Ion Transport and Airway Surface Liquid Height in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Medicina (Kaunas), 3. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40142337


La Rosa, G. R. M., Polosa, R. and O'Leary, R. (2025). Patterns of Use of e-Cigarettes and Their Respiratory Effects: A Critical Umbrella Review. Tob Use Insights, 1179173X251325421. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40078697


Malvi, A., Khatib, M. N., Ganesan, S., Kaur, M., Srivastava, M., Barwal, A., Siva Prasad, G. V., Rajput, P., Syed, R., Hooda, R. C., Mohan, B., Shabil, M., Jena, D., Nanda, S., Aneja, A., Bushi, G., Mehta, R., Sah, R., Satapathy, P. and Gaidhane, S. (2025). Assessing the impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Med, 108059. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40157397


Niu, Y., Yip, C. Y., Pan, K. W., Mak, J. C. and Ko, W. H. (2025). Effect of Electronic Cigarette Vapour Exposure on Ca(2+)- and cAMP-Dependent Ion Transport in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Lung, 1, 48. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40100414


Pleiss, K. L., Mosley, D. D., Bauer, C. D., Bailey, K. L., Ochoa, C. A., Knoell, D. L. and Wyatt, T. A. (2025). Comparative effects of e-cigarette and conventional cigarette smoke on in vitro bronchial epithelial cell responses. Toxicol Lett, 32-40. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40101882


Burns, A. J., Steinberg, A. W., Sargent, J. D., Ozga, J. E., Tang, Z., Stanton, C. A. and Paulin, L. M. (2025). Association of e-cigarette and cigarette use with self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a multivariable analysis of a large United States data set. Respir Res, 1, 49. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39920672


Caci, G., Selya, A., La Rosa, G. R. M., Spicuzza, L., Morjaria, J. B., Geraci, G. and Polosa, R. (2025). Respiratory Effects of Electronic Cigarette Use in Individuals Who Never Smoked: A Systematic Review. Clin Med (Lond), 100295. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39993529


Sargent, J. D., Lauten, K., Edwards, K. C., Tanski, S. E., MacKenzie, T. A., Paulin, L. M., Brunette, M. F., Goniewicz, M. L., Malasky, A., Stark, D., de Moura, F. B., Griffin, H., Nguyen, K. H., Backlund, E., Kimmel, H. L., Kingsbury, J. H., Ozga, J. E., Cummings, K. M. and Hyland, A. (2025). Functionally important respiratory symptoms and continued cigarette use versus e-cigarette switching: population assessment of tobacco and health study waves 2-6. EClinicalMedicine, 102951. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39968205


Selya, A., La Rosa, G. R. M., Spicuzza, L., Morjaria, J. B., Caci, G. and Polosa, R. (2025). Association between electronic cigarette use and respiratory outcomes among people with no established smoking history: a comprehensive review and critical appraisal. Intern Emerg Med. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39992483


Shamim, A., Herzog, H., Shah, R., Pecorelli, S., Nisbet, V., George, A., Cuadra, G. A. and Palazzolo, D. L. (2025). Pathophysiological Responses of Oral Keratinocytes After Exposure to Flavored E-Cigarette Liquids. Dent J (Basel), 2. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39996934


Song, C., Hao, X., Critselis, E. and Panagiotakos, D. (2025). The impact of electronic cigarette use on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Med, 107985. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39921069


Al-Alawneh, M., Al Alimi, W. and Barakat, A. (2025). Prevalence of electronic smoking exposure and tonsillectomy surgery in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 112232. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39813757


Martinez-Avila, M. C., Matijasevic Ardila, E., Acosta Cardozo, A. L., Alvarado Castro, C. C. and Matiz-Bueno, C. E. (2025). Vaping: A Safe Alternative to Counteract Smoking? Case Report. Clin Med Insights Case Rep, 11795476251313766. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39822762


Ritzau Ishoj Nielsen, M., Jensen, J. S., Sivapalan, P., Perch, M. and Moller-Pedersen, F. (2025). E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). A case report of a 19-year-old male in Denmark. Eur Clin Respir J, 1, 2445868. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39764358


Tanu, F. P., Perez, M. F., Rathe, T. V. and Mortensen, E. M. (2024). Association Between E-cigarette Use and Asthma Exacerbations Using Nationally Representative Survey Data. Cureus, 12, e75498. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39803020


Li, L., Chen, H., Zhu, Y., Harui, A. and Roth, M. D. (2024). Ventilation and features of the lung environment dynamically alter modeled intrapulmonary aerosol exposure from inhaled electronic cigarettes. Sci Rep, 1, 31683. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39738260


Roy, S., Chowdhury, S., Ferdous, T., Jebai, R. and Maziak, W. (2024). The acute effect of E-cigarette use on pulmonary function: a nonrandomized controlled trial. Eur Respir J. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39715646


Soerianto, W. and Jaspers, I. (2024). E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use Associated Lung Injury: Epidemiology, Challenges, and Implications With COVID-19. Pediatr Pulmonol, e27448. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39714069


Earlier news and research

For news items and research on this topic earlier than 2025, click here.

Intro
Chapter 2