Rezaeian, M., Ahmadinia, H., Rabori, M. S., Dini, A., Esmaeili, A., Mohammadi, H. and Ghaffarian-Bahraman, A. (2025). Human health risk assessment of toxic metals in Nass smokeless tobacco in Iran. Sci Rep, 1, 9525. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40108331
Vaishnav, B., Valiyil, A. S., Anand, S., Ghosal, A., Pailla, R. and Nair, G. R. (2025). Effects of Smokeless Tobacco Use on the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Mucosa: Gross and Histopathological Changes. Ann Afr Med. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40041938
Vanderham, L. C., Vallabhaneni, N., Moore, J. W., Guareschi, A. S., Rogalski, B. L., Eichinger, J. K. and Friedman, R. J. (2025). Effects of Smokeless Tobacco Use on Primary Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Outcomes. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40158882
Mehrotra, R. and Lauby-Secretan, B. (2025). Smokeless Tobacco Is a Major Risk Factor for Oral Cancer in South and Southeast Asia. Oral Dis. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39928051
Mitra, S., Hasan, I. and Chowdhury, J. A. (2024). Smokeless Tobacco use in Bangladesh: A Prime Concern to Address. WHO South East Asia J Public Health, 2, 96-97. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39995009
Parihar, A. S., Chakraborty, A., Pidaparthi, A., Kaur, G., Bhatt, S. and Handa, A. (2024). Association between Oral Cancer and Smokeless Tobacco Use in Rural Indian Men: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci, Suppl 4, S3768-S3771. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39926943
Rahman, I., Ahmad, F. and Sadiq, N. (2025). Smokeless, not harmless: Understanding Naswar's cardiovascular risks in the northwestern Pakistan. Prev Med Rep, 102963. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39897735
Rathi, A., Khanam, A., Khan, H., Aatif, M., Farhan, M., Sharma, R. K., Himanshu, Kumar, P. and Husain, A. (2025). A comprehensive review: role of smokeless tobacco consumption as a risk factor for diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39903244
Shah, K., Boffetta, P. and Seyyedsalehi, M. S. (2025). Reversal of head and neck cancer risk after the cessation of use of smokeless tobacco and betel quid use: meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39964748
Holle, A. M., Tummala, S. V., Pejic, J., Van Schuyver, P. R., Chhabra, A. and Economopoulos, K. J. (2025). Association of Smokeless Tobacco Use With Perioperative Complications and Revision Surgery After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Am J Sports Med, 3635465241303487. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39754412
Mahajan, A., Gupta, B. and Tong, M. (2024). The invisible enemy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal smokeless tobacco use as a risk factor for low birth weight. PLoS One, 12, e0312297. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39775175
Majrashi, N. A., Alyami, A. S., Almansour, M. A., Alyami, M. H., Almansour, M. H., Alhashlan, E., Shubayr, N., Hendi, A. M., Ageeli, W. A., Madkhali, Y., Alwadani, B., Refaee, T. A. and Waiter, G. D. (2025). Differences in Brain Volume and Thickness between Shammah (Smokeless Tobacco) Users and Non-Users: A Cross-Sectional Study. Br J Hosp Med (Lond), 1, Jan-18. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39862043
Tasdighi, E., Yao, Z., Jha, K. K., Dardari, Z. A., Osuji, N., Rajan, T., Boakye, E., Rodriguez, C. J., Matsushita, K., Simonsick, E. M., Lima, J. A. C., Widome, R., Cohen, D., Appel, L. J., Khera, A., Hall, M. E., Judd, S., Cole, S. A., Ramachandran, V. S., Benjamin, E. J., Bhatnagar, A., DeFilippis, A. P. and Blaha, M. J. (2025). Cigar, Pipe, and Smokeless Tobacco Use and Cardiovascular Outcomes From Cross Cohort Collaboration. JAMA Netw Open, 1, e2453987. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39804647
Yao, Z., Tasdighi, E., Dardari, Z. A., Jha, K. K., Osuji, N., Rajan, T., Boakye, E., Rodriguez, C. J., Matsushita, K., Simonsick, E. M., Lima, J. A. C., Widome, R., Cohen, D. L., Appel, L. J., Khera, A., Hall, M. E., Judd, S., Cole, S. A., Vasan, R. S., Benjamin, E. J., Bhatnagar, A., DeFilippis, A. P. and Blaha, M. J. (2025). Differential Associations of Cigar, Pipe, and Smokeless Tobacco Use Versus Combustible Cigarette Use With Subclinical Markers of Inflammation, Thrombosis, and Atherosclerosis: The Cross-Cohort Collaboration-Tobacco Working Group. Circulation. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39866105
Dallak, F. H., Alharbi, F. A., Alhazmi, A. H., Abusageah, F., Durayb, A. A., Almalki, N. M., Tayrah, F. A. A., El-Setouhy, M., Dallak, R. H. and Shami, R. M. (2024). Community awareness regarding smokeless tobacco (Shamma) as a cause of oral cancer in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care, 11, 4885-4893. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39722995
Hassan, S., Sifat, A., Munib, M., Saeed, S., Nisa, W. U., Durrani, S. H., Rahim, A., Ullah, N., Afaq, S., Ali Khattak, F. and Haq, Z. U. (2024). Cytomorphological changes of oral mucosal cells among smokeless tobacco users in low and middle-income country settings: new findings from Pakistan. BMC Oral Health, 1, 1541. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39710646
Htay, Z. W., Bhandari, A. K. C., Parvin, R. and Abe, S. K. (2024). Effects of smokeless tobacco on cancer incidence and mortality: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39718727
Motlhale, M., Sitas, F., de Villiers, C. B., Simba, H., Feliu, A., Chen, W. C., Schuz, J., Muchengeti, M. and McCormack, V. (2024). Smokeless tobacco (snuff) and site-specific cancer risks in adult Black South African women: Findings from the Johannesburg Cancer Study. Int J Cancer. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39679969
Zhang, M., Cheng, H. G., Noggle, B., Janak, J. C., Richards, M. and Smith, D. (2024). Assessing healthcare cost changes associated with transitioning away from cigarette smoking using healthcare claims data: an exploratory study among adult male patients with COPD. Harm Reduct J, 1, 227. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39716190