Chapter 2 Trends in tobacco consumption
Chapter 3 The health effects of active smoking
Chapter 4 The health effects of secondhand smoke

Relevant news and research: Smoking and cardiovascular disease

Anam, A., Yu, M., Liu, C., Lee, I. X. Y., Yang, J., Shanmathi, A. V., Cheng, C. Y. and Liu, Y. C. (2025). Smoking negatively impacts ocular surface health and corneal nerve metrics. Ocul Surf, 105-114. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40088969


Galvin, O., Nasir, K. and McEvoy, J. W. (2025). The Cardiovascular Epidemiology of Smoking: Past, Present, and Future. J Am Coll Cardiol, 10, 1035-1037. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40074468


Ji, Y., Lv, N. and Dang, A. (2025). Association of Smoking and Alcohol with Abdominal Aortic Calcification in the General Middle-Aged and Elderly Populations. Rev Cardiovasc Med, 3, 26087. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40160599


Khimani, A., Hornback, A., Jain, N., Avula, P., Jaishankar, A. and Wang, M. D. (2024). Predicting Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Tobacco Users Using Machine Learning Algorithms. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 1-May. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40039995


Li, X., Song, S., Jia, W., Shi, Z., Xie, L., Fan, M. and Li, C. (2025). Do CRP gene variants and smoking elevate recurrent stroke risk in minor ischemic stroke patients?. Eur J Med Res, 1, 179. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40098137


Marcos-Garcia, L., Clara, A., Perez-Cabezon, S., Miralles-Hernandez, M., Elosua, R. and Velescu, A. (2025). Association between DNA methylation at smoking-related loci and mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40122233


Tiwari, S., Lovsletten, O., Jacobsen, B. K., Wilsgaard, T., Mathiesen, E. B., Schirmer, H., Gram, I. T., Mannsverk, J. and Lochen, M. L. (2025). Occasional smoking is a risk factor for myocardial infarction in the population-based Tromso Study, 2001-2021. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40146252


Yao, Z., Tasdighi, E., Dardari, Z. A., Jha, K. K., Osuji, N., Rajan, T., Boakye, E., Rodriguez, C. J., Matsushita, K., Simonsick, E. M., Lima, J. A. C., Widome, R., Cohen, D. L., Appel, L. J., Khera, A., Hall, M. E., Judd, S. E., Cole, S. A., Vasan, R. S., Benjamin, E. J., Lotufo, P. A., Bensenor, I. M., El Khoudary, S. R., Barinas-Mitchell, E., Janssen, I., Psaty, B. M., Eaton, C. B., LaMonte, M. J., Cawthon, P. M., Orwoll, E. S., Irvin, M. R., Bhatnagar, A., DeFilippis, A. P., El-Shahaway, O. and Blaha, M. J. (2025). Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Subclinical Markers of Cardiovascular Harm. J Am Coll Cardiol, 10, 1018-1034. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40074467


Yuan, S., Khodursky, S., Geng, J., Sharma, P., Spin, J. M., Tsao, P., Levin, M. G. and Damrauer, S. M. (2025). Identifying Circulating Protein Mediators in the Link Between Smoking and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: An Integrated Analysis of Human Proteomic and Genomic Data. medRxiv. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40061319


Aragiannis, D., Kasiakogias, A., Iliakis, P., Sagris, M., Tatakis, F. P., Manta, E., Andrikou, I., Konstantinidis, D. and Tsioufis, K. (2025). The Combined Effect of Smoking and Obesity on Hypertension: Implications for Clinical Management. Curr Hypertens Rev. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39950475


Aslam, M. A., Iqbal, H., Ilyas, K., Rehman, K., Hussain, A., Akash, M. S. H., Shahid, M. and Chen, S. (2025). Metabolomic Insights into Smoking-Induced Metabolic Dysfunctions: A Comprehensive Analysis of Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolomes. Metabolites, 2. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39997721


Farhoud, A., Mahamid, I., Najjar, M., Owda, A., Safarini, O., MohammedAli, M., Thabaleh, A., Mousa, A., Zarour, A., Alhabil, Y., Suadi, L., Nazzal, Z. and Damiri, B. (2024). Risk of metabolic syndrome linked to tobacco smoking and caffeine consumption among Palestinian university students. Cent Eur J Public Health, 4, 243-250. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39903594


Ghozy, S., Jazayeri, S. B., Hasanzadeh, A., Ognard, J., Kobeissi, H., Ahmadzade, A., Naseh, E., Fard, M. M., Abbas, A. S., Borkar, R. R., Kallmes, D. F. and Kadirvel, R. (2025). Impact of Smoking on Recurrence and Angiographic Outcomes After Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39984186


Kumar, B., Mathur, T., Annepu, Y. R., Annepu, K. K. and Chaitanya, P. D. K. (2024). Exploring the Interplay of Smoking Behavior, Heart Rate Variability, Pulmonary Function Test Results, Diabetes, and Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review. J Pharm Bioallied Sci, Suppl 4, S3092-S3095. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39926888


Quiroz-Reyes, M. A., Quiroz-Gonzalez, E. A., Quiroz-Gonzalez, M. A. and Lima-Gomez, V. (2025). Effects of cigarette smoking on retinal thickness and choroidal vascularity index: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Retina Vitreous, 1, 21. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40012012


Schwalb, M. E., McEvoy, J. W., Navas-Acien, A., Wallace, A. S., Rooney, M. R., Selvin, E., Christenson, R. H. and Jones, M. R. (2025). Tobacco Exposure and Markers of Myocardial Stress and Damage Among US Adults. Am J Cardiol, 19-21. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39894331


Siegel, N. A., Zhao, J., Benjamin, E. J., Bhatnagar, A., Hall, J. L. and Stokes, A. C. (2025). Identifying Patterns of Tobacco Use and Associated Cardiovascular Disease Risk Through Machine Learning Analysis of Urine Biomarkers. JACC Adv, 3, 101630. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39985885


Singh, K., Jin, Y., Hu, M. W., Palazzo, I., Cano, M., Hoang, T., Bhutto, I., Wang, S., Sinha, D., Blackshaw, S., Qian, J. and Handa, J. T. (2025). Cigarette smoke and biological age induce degenerative heterogeneity in retinal pigment epithelium. bioRxiv. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39974955


Wu, X., Liu, Y., Zou, C., He, F., Guo, F., Liu, S., Fan, Y., Zhu, X., Zhou, Q. and Shu, D. (2024). Nicotine's impact on platelet function: insights into hemostasis mechanisms. Front Pharmacol, 1512142. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39902074


Ye, X., Wu, Q., Lv, Q., Hou, X., Yang, Y., Yang, C. and Wang, S. (2025). Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Atrial Fibrillation: Mendelian Randomization Study. Cardiovasc Toxicol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39987412


Zeng, Y., Liu, Y., Chen, X., Kenny, J., Rong, R. and Xia, X. (2025). Global, regional, and national burden of blindness and vision loss attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021, and forecasts to 2030: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. BMC Public Health, 1, 440. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39905351


Cao, S., Zeng, Y., Pang, K., Chen, M., Guo, R., Wu, N., Fang, C., Deng, H., Zhang, X., Xie, X., Ouyang, W. and Yang, H. (2025). Unraveling the causal impact of smoking and its DNA methylation signatures on cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis. Clin Epigenetics, 1, 1. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39748436


Gaalema, D. E., Zhang, Y., Howard, G. and Menson, K. (2025). Patient Characteristics and Outcomes by Sex and Smoking Status in Pulmonary and Cardiac Rehabilitation. Nicotine Tob Res. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39787043


Kaszuba, M., Koscielniak, J., Sliwka, A., Pilinski, R., Bochenek, G., Maga, P. and Nowobilski, R. (2025). The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in hospitalized tobacco smokers with peripheral artery disease. Vasa. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39829220


Komurcu, H. F., Sever, N., Gokdereli, N. S., Keske, O. and Gozke, E. (2025). The relationship between smoking and clinical outcome in ischemic stroke patients undergoing reperfusion therapy. Neurol Res, 2, 87-95. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39749740


Kuang, Z., Lin, L., Kong, R., Wang, Z., Mao, X. and Xiang, D. (2025). The correlation between cumulative cigarette consumption and infarction-related coronary spasm in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction across different age groups. Sci Rep, 1, 253. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39747215


Kwak, J. H. and Kim, H. J. (2024). High air pollution exposure, vitamin D deficiency and ever smokers were associated with higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia: A cross-sectional study from the 2008-2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutr Res, 1-Dec. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39799634


Liu, F. F., Yan, Y. X., Zhang, H. F. and Li, K. (2025). Gene Expression Signatures of Smoking and Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Blood Transcriptome Analysis. Mediators Inflamm, 2431090. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39845197


Masengere, P., Halbesma, N., Ndejjo, R., Balugaba, B. E., Wanyenze, R. K., Nuwaha, F., Bastiaens, H. and Musinguzi, G. (2025). Additive interaction of conjoint tobacco smoking and heavy drinking on hypertension prevalence in rural Uganda: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 1, 201. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39833763


Mons, U., Lohner, V. and Seuthe, K. (2025). Trends in smoking-attributable cardiovascular mortality in Germany. Eur J Public Health. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39761513


Nieto Iglesias, J., Martinez de Salinas, A. P., Perez-Monteoliva, N. R. R. and En representacion del Grupo de Prevencion de Riesgo Renal y Vascular de la Sociedad Espanola de, N. (2025). Some thoughts about the "Consensus statement on smoking and vascular risk" from the Spanish Autonomous Societies of Hypertension and Vascular Risk. Nefrologia (Engl Ed), 1, 1-Apr. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39799082


Pizziolo, P. G., Clemente, L. M., Ribeiro, A. B., Oliveira, V. C., Macedo, A. P., Salgado, H. C., Fazan-Junior, R., Watanabe, E., Silva-Lovato, C. H. and Ribeiro, A. B. (2025). The interplay of edentulism, smoking, microbiota, oral rehabilitation on cytokineprofile and different conditions of hypertension. Arch Oral Biol, 106176. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39827717


Vaishnav, D., Essibayi, M. A., Musmar, B., Adeeb, N., Salim, H. A., Aslan, A., Cancelliere, N. M., McLellan, R. M., Algin, O., Ghozy, S., Lay, S. V., Guenego, A., Renieri, L., Carnevale, J., Saliou, G., Mastorakos, P., El Naamani, K., Shotar, E., Premat, K., Mohlenbruch, M., Kral, M., Doron, O., Chung, C., Salem, M. M., Lylyk, I., Foreman, P. M., Vachhani, J. A., Shaikh, H., Zupancic, V., Hafeez, M. U., Catapano, J., Waqas, M., Ayberk, G., Celal Gunes, Y., Rabinov, J. D., Ren, Y., Schirmer, C. M., Piano, M., Kuhn, A. L., Michelozzi, C., Elens, S., Starke, R. M., Hassan, A. E., Ogilvie, M., Nguyen, A., Jones, J., Brinjikji, W., Nawka, M. T., Psychogios, M., Ulfert, C., Diestro, J. D. B., Pukenas, B., Burkhardt, J. K., Huynh, T., Martinez-Gutierrez, J. C., Sheth, S. A., Spiegel, G., Tawk, R. G., Lubicz, B., Panni, P., Puri, A. S., Pero, G., Nossek, E., Raz, E., Killer-Oberpfalzer, M., Griessenauer, C. J., Asadi, H., Siddiqui, A., Brook, A. L., Haranhalli, N., Ducruet, A. F., Albuquerque, F. C., Regenhardt, R. W., Stapleton, C. J., Kan, P., Kalousek, V., Lylyk, P., Boddu, S., Knopman, J., Aziz-Sultan, M. A., Tjoumakaris, S. I., Clarencon, F., Limbucci, N., Cuellar-Saenz, H. H., Jabbour, P. M., Mendes Pereira, V., Patel, A. B., Altschul, D. J., Dmytriw, A. A. and WorldWide, W. E. B. C. (2025). Impact of smoking on recurrence rates among wide-neck intracranial aneurysms treated with Woven EndoBridge: a multicenter retrospective study. J Neurosurg, 1-Sep. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39889291


Wang, Y., Li, Q., Bi, L., Wang, B., Lv, T. and Zhang, P. (2025). Global trends in the burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Tob Induc Dis. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39882032


Xiao, C., Wang, J., Cheng, Z., Gong, J. and Yu, C. (2025). Stroke Subtypes Mortality Attributable to Smoking in China: A Study Based on the Global Burden of Disease Database 2021. Neuroepidemiology, 1-Aug. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39809251


Yang, K., Zhang, H., Wang, Y., Yan, Y., Yang, Z., Wan, S., Yang, W. and Yang, Y. (2024). Evaluating the impact of smoking on the risk of dry eye disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep, 1, 32043. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39738480


Agbaje, A. O. (2024). Incidental and Progressive Tobacco Smoking in Childhood and Subsequent Risk of Premature Cardiac Damage. J Am Coll Cardiol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39665696


Amirzada, M. Z., Sahrai, M. S., Hayat, M. S., Ishaq, N., Yasin, A. G., Ahadi, A. N., Fazli, N. and Wasiq, A. W. (2024). Associations of tobacco use, physical activity and diet with hypertension in the city of Kandahar, Afghanistan: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes, 1, 385. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39722005


Balu, A. and Lip, G. Y. H. (2024). The Impact of Atrial Fibrillation and Smoking History on Brain Deficits. Am J Cardiol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39674440


Chauhan, D., Patel, D., Yogesh, M. and Trivedi, N. (2024). Health literacy and tobacco cessation among hypertensive individuals: A mixed method study. J Educ Health Promot, 380. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39703660


Ghoche, M. T., Maroufi, S. F., El Maalouf, J. M., Pachon-Londono, M. J., Nguyen, B. A., Halpin, B. S., Turcotte, E. L., Patra, D., Krishna, C., Wang, Z., Turkmani, A., Ogilvy, C. S. and Bendok, B. R. (2024). Impact of smoking on the detection of brain aneurysms in general population screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg, 1-Sep. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39729618


Irfan, A., Riggs, D. W., Koromia, G. A., Gao, H., DeFilippis, A. P., Soliman, E. Z., Bhatnagar, A. and Carll, A. P. (2024). Smoking-associated electrocardiographic abnormalities predict cardiovascular mortality. Sci Rep, 1, 31189. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39730843


Jarvensivu-Koivunen, M., Hernesniemi, J. and Tynkkynen, J. (2025). Smoking and sudden cardiac death in patients with previous coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis, 1, 59-64. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39652651


Khabbazi, A., Rahimi, M., Malek Mahdavi, A., Farzaneh, R., Daneshvar, S., Naseri, A., Beig Zali, S. and Nasiri, E. (2024). Insights into the paradoxical effect of smoking on vasculitis: a comprehensive review. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis, 4, e2024053. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39655594


Lakicevic, S., Bender, M., Lakicevic, G., Jurina, R., Mihic, N. and Malojcic, B. (2024). The Influence of Tobacco Smoking Intensity on Hemodynamic Parameters: A Functional Transcranial Doppler Study on Vascular Reserve in Chronic Smokers. Cureus, 11, e72956. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39640160


Li, Y., Tong, L., Zhang, Y., Huang, B. and Zhu, L. (2024). Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Smoking and Its Effects on Venous Thromboembolism. Semin Thromb Hemost. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39689867


Litvinov, E. and Litvinov, A. (2024). The Relationship Between Periodontitis, Gingivitis, Smoking, Missing Teeth, Endodontic Infections, Aortic Aneurysm, and Coronary Artery Disease: The 10-Year Results of 25 Patients. Cureus, 11, e73584. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39677218


Ma, M., Wu, Y., He, X., Zhang, M., Han, Y., Guo, R. and Li, S. (2024). Associations between smoking and coronary heart disease: mediating role of RDW. Front Public Health, 1447303. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39618953


Merzah, M., Poliska, S., Balogh, L., Sandor, J. and Fiatal, S. (2024). Smoking-Associated Changes in Gene Expression in Coronary Artery Disease Patients Using Matched Samples. Curr Issues Mol Biol, 12, 13893-13902. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39727958


Tani, S., Imatake, K., Suzuki, Y., Yagi, T. and Takahashi, A. (2024). Total serum bilirubin levels as mediators of anti-atherosclerosis mechanisms with consideration of smoking status. Tob Induc Dis. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39619739


Earlier news and research

For news items and research on this topic earlier than 2025, click here.

Intro
Chapter 2