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3.15.1 The effects of smoking on surgery
Foreword

Relevant news and research: The effects of smoking on surgery

George, K. D., Kandadai, J., Satzke, C., Hashioka, H., Chao, M., Scott, D. J. and Gross, C. E. (2025). Both Tobacco and Non-Tobacco Nicotine Dependence Are Associated With Increased Complications Following Ankle Fracture Open Reduction Internal Fixation: A Propensity-Matched TriNetX Analysis (2005-2025). Foot Ankle Int, 10711007251385994. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41229382


Guo, G., Xu, Y., Meng, H., Fu, X. and Jiang, Y. (2025). Exploring the Mechanism of Nicotine on Human Chronic Wounds Based on Network Toxicology and Molecular Docking. Int J Low Extrem Wounds, 15347346251395911. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41236831


Hayat, F., Chiu, S., Stuart, A., Lee, B., Gibbs, P., Johns, J., Thomson, B., Wong, R., Lee, M., Nikfarjam, M., Shapiro, J., McLachlan, S. A., Chee, C. E., Zielinski, R., Tai, D., Pattison, S., Caird, S., Wong, Z. W., Cooray, P., Underhill, C., Roy, A., Nagrial, A., Goldstein, D., Paul, C. and Day, F. (2025). Effects of current smoking on treatment outcomes in metastatic and locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study using the international PURPLE pancreas cancer registry. J Gastrointest Oncol, 5, 2377-2387. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41220771


Ianosi, E. S., Rosu, D. M., Solyom, A., Grigorescu, B. L., Vultur, M. and Ianosi, M. B. (2025). Smoking Amplifies Comorbidity-Associated Risk in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Multiplicative Interaction. J Clin Med, 22. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41303252


Mistry, D., Poole, H., Jordan, R. and Shyamalan, G. (2025). The effects of smoking on the management of scaphoid acute fractures and non-unions-a systematic review. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol, 1, 8. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41205085


Pehlivanoglu, G., Yildiz, K. I., Albayrak, K., Aykut, U. S., Kurk, M. B. and Gurbuz, S. (2025). Smoking is associated with inferior postoperative outcomes after autologous osteochondral transplantation for osteochondral lesions of the talus: a minimum 5-year clinical follow-up study. J Orthop Surg Res, 1, 992. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41225542


Savitch, S. L., Bauer, T. M., Mott, N. M., Williams, J. E., Suwanabol, P. A. and Lagisetty, K. H. (2025). Smoking and Failure to Rescue From Pulmonary Complications After Lung Resection. JAMA Surg. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41296472


Song, J. J., Lee, S. Z., Zhou, M. T., Jones, J. M., Katz, M. H. and Wang, D. S. (2025). Smoking and Surgical Complications following Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: A NSQIP Analysis. Urology. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41241295


Arnold, P. M., Harrop, J. S., Mariscal, G., Sasso, R. C., Steinmetz, M. P., Chaput, C. D., Jacobs, W. B., Witiw, C. D. and O'Toole, J. E. (2025). Adverse Impact of Smoking on Spine Fusion and Patient-Reported Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Global Spine J, 21925682251383167. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41066602


Hong, J., Kim, A., Freedman, Z., Jadoonanan, S., Hallan, D. R., Rizk, E. and Kelleher, J. P. (2025). The Impact of Preoperative Nicotine Use in the Development of Opioid Use Disorder Following Lumbar Disc Discectomy Procedures: A National Database Study. Cureus, 9, e91511. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41049939


Omidi, F. (2025). Exploring Potential Explanations for the Relationship Between Smoking and In-hospital Mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients. Heart Views, 2, 136. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41170142


Powers, J. M., Ferguson, E., Miller, C. H., Hitsman, B. and Rini, C. (2025). A scoping review of pain and tobacco use among cancer survivors. Ann Behav Med, 1. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41083218


Rinne, J. S., Vossen, R. J. M., Ten Noever de Brauw, G. V., van der List, J. P., Custers, R. J. H., Pearle, A. D. and Zuiderbaan, H. A. (2025). Tobacco's toll: Comparable anterior cruciate ligament graft failure rates and inferior functional outcomes in smokers compared to non-smokers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41147862


Tang, W. and Li, R. (2025). The correlation between smoking and preoperative deep venous thrombosis after hip fracture in geriatric patients: a propensity score-matched study. J Orthop Surg Res, 1, 896. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41107951


Almaslamani, M., Musallam, F., Al Najar, I. and Alqedra, R. (2025). Investigating Smoking and Local Anesthesia Usage - A Prospective Study. Indian J Dent Res. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40999850


Carter, W. J., Schwartz, A. W., Sumpio, B., Strosberg, D., Tonnessen, B. H., Cardella, J., Guzman, R. J. and Ochoa Chaar, C. I. (2025). Smoking cessation duration is associated with the risk of amputation after revascularization for chronic limb-threatening ischemia. J Vasc Surg. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40912340


Chow, R., Lans, Z., Cohen, S. P., Lin, H. M., Zhao, J. and Rajput, K. (2025). Smoking and Postoperative Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Pract, 8, e70083. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40977634


Gaudiani, M. A., Nerys-Figueroa, J., Jurayj, A., Wager, S. G., Kadakolh, H., Hamade, H., Hodson, N., Kasto, J., Makhni, E. C., Mahylis, J. M. and Muh, S. J. (2025). Young age, female sex, smoking, and worse area deprivation index associated with prolonged postoperative opioid use after rotator cuff repair. Shoulder Elbow, 1.75857E+16. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40951910


Heil, K. M., Rivinius, R., Helmschrott, M., Rahm, A. K., Ehlermann, P., Frey, N. and Darche, F. F. (2025). Pre-Transplant Heavy Smoking Is Associated with Reduced Survival After Heart Transplantation Due to Infection and Malignancy. J Clin Med, 17. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40943784


Hendrikx, F. R., Conte, P., Van Haver, A., Vuylsteke, K., Lagae, K. C. and Verdonk, P. (2025). Smokers present a three times higher risk of graft failure after ACL reconstruction: A single-centre retrospective analysis. J Exp Orthop, 3, e70422. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40937087


Howard, R., Ehlers, A., Fry, B., O'Neill, S., Telem, D. and Shao, J. (2025). Do smokers deserve "No"? Management and outcomes of smokers undergoing elective ventral hernia repair. Surg Endosc. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40944743


Schwartz, A. W., Carter, W., Tonnessen, B., Arhuidese, I., Cardella, J., Dardik, A. and Ochoa Chaar, C. I. (2025). Preoperative smoking cessation impacts presentation and neurologic outcomes of carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40992521


Sha, C., Li, L., Rahman, H., Liu, S., Glassman, L., Zeltsman, D., Jurado, J., Hyman, K. and Lee, P. C. (2025). Surgical outcomes of smoking and nonsmoking women with lung adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Dis, 8, 5711-5719. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40950860


Tuminello, S., Kaufman, A. J., Wolf, A., Lee, D. S., Hakami-Kermani, A., Housman, B., Nicastri, D. G., Taioli, E. and Flores, R. M. (2025). Superior surgical tolerance and effectiveness among lung cancer patients who have never versus ever smoked: a retrospective cohort analysis using real-world clinical data. J Thorac Dis, 8, 5492-5498. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40950905


Turon, B., Malkowski, D., Zabrzynska, M., Buczkowski, K., Erdman, J., Wilk, M., Necki, M. and Zabrzynski, J. (2025). Relationships between smoking, high BMI and the results of arthroscopic treatment of isolated medial meniscus tear - a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 1, 846. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40898186


Zaidi, Z., Mohamed, A., Homayoun, B., Wahid, M., Aoun, S. and Van Hal, M. (2025). The Impact of Alcohol, Nicotine, and Opioid Use History on 90-Day and 1-Year Postoperative Complications Following Elective Laminectomy: A Nationwide Propensity-Matched Study. Global Spine J, 2.19257E+16. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40889108


Alsetri, H., Saad, A. S., Shiuey, E. J., Rapuano, C. J. and Syed, Z. A. (2025). Association of Donor and Recipient Smoking, Diabetes, and Age With Graft Failure and Rejection After Penetrating Keratoplasty. Cornea. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40801373


Choudhary, F., Ladwa, A., Kocher, M., Lopez, S., Friel, C., Hedrick, T. and Hoang, S. (2025). Risk Stratification of Smokers Undergoing Colorectal Surgery. Am Surg, 3.13483E+13. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40852759


Kim, T. H., Jeong, S. H., Lee, Y. J., Kim, D. H., Kim, H. G., Kim, J. M., Cho, J. K., Kwag, S. J., Kim, J. Y., Ju, Y. T., Jeong, C. Y. and Park, J. H. (2025). Impact of smoking and age on long-term recurrence after laparoscopic primary closure for duodenal ulcer perforation: a 5-year observational study. Ann Surg Treat Res, 2, 98-104. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40785810


Lehner, K., Li, R., Hensley, P. J., Clark, R. K., Pallauf, M., Katims, A., Bingham, N., Thapa, P., Boorjian, S. A., Raman, J. D., Singla, N., Coleman, J., Margulis, V., Spiess, P. E., Matin, S. F. and Potretzke, A. M. (2025). Smoking is Associated with Poorer Survival Outcomes Following Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer. Urology. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40848880


Alese, O. M., Wilson, A. C., Tessier, K. M., Loavenbruck, A., Dedeker, C. and Lassig, A. A. (2025). Characterization of cutaneous microvasculature using 3D imaging: A feasibility study in a cohort of head and neck surgery patients with attention to smoking status. JPRAS Open, 493-505. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40476061


Basilious, M., Sarad, N., Akosman, I., Jethmalani, N., Agrusa, C., Ellozy, S. H., DeRubertis, B. G., Stern, J. R. and Connolly, P. H. (2025). Smoking Predicts Mortality in Asymptomatic Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy but not Carotid Artery Stenting or Transcarotid Artery Revascularization. Ann Vasc Surg. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40553846


Perez, A. A. and Leard, L. E. (2025). A closer examination of the ethical principles when considering active smokers as candidates for lung transplant. Am J Transplant. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40545005


Shah, N. A. and Yong, K. (2025). Clearing the air: smoking status in kidney transplantation assessment - a question of risk or equity?. Intern Med J, 6, 882-884. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40467061


Shaham, D., Naveh, S., Zemel, M., Kariv, Y., Leibovitzh, H., Cohen, N. A., Thurm, T., Hirsch, A., Maharshak, N., Lahat, G. and Yuval, J. B. (2025). Smokers with Crohn's face worse surgical outcomes: A 90-day perioperative analysis. Am J Surg, 116458. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40499212


Tugertimur, B., Datta, S., Goote, P., Morris, M., Phelan, A., Lucas, A., Bernstein, J., Hanna, S. A., Mattos, D. and Reish, R. G. (2025). Evaluating the Safety of Rhinoplasty in Smokers. Plast Reconstr Surg. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40489744


Annabi, C., Keeler, A., Bailey, I., Annabi, J. and Frishman, W. H. (2025). Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Heart Transplant Outcomes: A Review. Cardiol Rev. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40377333


Courtwright, A. M. (2025). Active smokers should not be denied access to lung transplantation. Am J Transplant. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40324595


Freedman, Z., Kim, A., Graziane, N., Silvis, M., Marino, E. N., Fross, B., Jean-Berluche, D. and Bone, C. (2025). Nicotine use is associated with elevated risk of opioid use disorder following total/hemi hip arthroplasty procedures. Nicotine Tob Res. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40331781


Karande, P., Thakuria, J., Sinha, A. P., Karande, V., Asthana, S. and Gupta, S. (2025). Comparative Assessment of Schneiderian Membrane Thickness in Smokers and Non-smokers Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: An Observational Study. Cureus, 3, e81481. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40308398


Kishan, A., Bergstein, V. E., Prieskorn, B., Zhu, S., Kishan, A., Cancian, T. P., Suresh, V., Jankowski, P. P., Tuffaha, S. H. and LaPorte, D. M. (2025). The Highs and Lows of Fracture Fixation: Complications After Wrist Fracture Fixation for Users of Cannabis, Tobacco, or Neither Substance. Hand (N Y), 1.55894E+16. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40350780


Li, R., Prastein, D. J. and Boyce, S. W. (2025). Smoker's paradox in in-hospital outcomes of left ventricular assist device implantation: a population-based analysis of National Inpatient Sample from 2015-2021. J Artif Organs. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40419742


Lintis, A., Voron, T., Passot, G., Degisors, S., Messier, M., Eveno, C., Piessen, G. and Veziant, J. (2025). Is preoperative smoking status a predictor of postoperative outcomes after esophagectomy for squamous cell carcinoma in a high-volume centre?. Surgery, 109379. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40305945


Patel, A., Wang, J., Patel, T. Y., Panchbhavi, M. and Panchbhavi, V. K. (2025). Assessing the impact of nicotine and non-tobacco nicotine use on postoperative complications following hallux valgus surgery. Foot Ankle Surg. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40413150


Holle, A. M., Beckett, N. C., Iturregui, J. M., Haglin, J. M. and Kile, T. A. (2025). The Association of Cannabis and Tobacco Use With Postoperative Complications after Ankle and Hindfoot Arthrodesis. Foot Ankle Orthop, 2, 2.4731E+16. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40297400


Lee, G. W., Lee, M. S., Kim, J. E. and Lee, K. B. (2025). The effect of smoking on the outcomes of arthroscopic microfracture for osteochondral lesions of the talus. PLoS One, 4, e0321894. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40261898


Llombart-Blanco, R., Mariscal, G., Khalil, I., Barrios, C. and Llombart-Ais, R. (2025). Influence of smoking on shoulder arthroplasty outcomes: A meta-analysis of postoperative complications. Shoulder Elbow, 1.75857E+16. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40170984


Shi, X., Cui, Y., Wang, B., Pan, Y., Wang, B., Qin, Y. and Lei, M. (2025). Smoking is a significant contributor to intraoperative blood loss in metastatic spinal tumor surgery: a propensity score analysis. BMC Cancer, 1, 594. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40169947


Simske, N. M., Heimke, I. M., Rascoe, A. and Vallier, H. A. (2025). Tobacco smoking portends worse functional outcomes after acetabular fracture. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 1, 250. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40244328


Yau, W. P. (2025). The rate of smoking in patients who have suffered from ACLR graft rupture. J Exp Orthop, 2, e70237. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40290313


Zabrzynski, J., Pekala, J., Zabrzynska, M., Pekala, P., Lapaj, L. and LaPrade, R. F. (2025). The impact of smoking on meniscus surgery: a systematic review. EFORT Open Rev, 4, 193-202. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40167455


Brady, J. M., Lapite, I., Yim, A. and Yoo, J. U. (2025). Female Sex, Fibromyalgia Diagnosis, Obesity, Tobacco Use, Preoperative Opioid Use, and Postoperative Recurrent Instability Are Risk Factors for Return to the Emergency Department 1 Year After Arthroscopic Shoulder Stabilization. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil, 1, 101016. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40041815


Chan, K., Patel, S., Keane, A., King, T. S. and Lighthall, J. G. (2025). Evaluating Outcomes in Septorhinoplasty Procedures Using Serum Cotinine as a Measure for Tobacco Use. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40105450


Chen, Y., Chen, J., Huang, Y., Ke, W., Yu, S., Liang, W., Xiao, H., Li, Y. and Guan, H. (2025). Smoking is associated with adverse clinical outcomes after thyroidectomy: a 5-year retrospective analysis. BMC Endocr Disord, 1, 70. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40098033


Lin, Y. J., Shih, F. Y., Huang, J. F., Ting, C. W., Tsai, Y. C., Chang, L., Wang, H. C. and Chen, W. F. (2025). Impact of nicotine product use on outcomes of patients receiving cervical disc arthroplasty: a propensity score analysis of the united States nationwide inpatient sample 2005-2020. J Orthop Surg Res, 1, 298. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40108610


Nolazco, J. I., Melnick, K. R., Chang, J. C., Nayan, M., Tang, Y., Filipas, D. K., Przewozniak, K., Zequi, S. C., Reis, L. O., Alkhatib, K. Y., Leapman, M. S., Hinojosa-Gonzalez, D. E., Bjurlin, M. A., Mossanen, M., Chung, B. I. and Chang, S. L. (2025). Impact of tobacco use on postoperative complications following partial nephrectomy. Urol Oncol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40113541


Presch, A., Coughlan, J. J., Bar, S., Brugaletta, S., Maeng, M., Kufner, S., Ortega-Paz, L., Raber, L., Laugwitz, K. L., Jensen, L. O., Windecker, S., Warnakula Olesen, K. K., Sabate, M., Heg, D., Kastrati, A. and Cassese, S. (2025). Smoking Status at Baseline and 10-Year Outcomes After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: Insights From the DECADE Cooperation. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40117400


Wong, C., Mohamad Asfia, S. K. B., Myles, P. S., Cunningham, J., Greenhalgh, E. M., Dean, E., Doncovio, S., Briggs, L., Graves, N. and McCaffrey, N. (2025). Smoking and Complications After Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open, 3, e250295. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40053349


Anderson, J. C., Hisey, W. M., Robinson, C. M., Limburg, P. J., Kneedler, B. L. and Butterly, L. F. (2025). Association Between Smoking Status and Prevalence of Advanced Outcomes in Patients With and Without Positive Stool Test Prior to Colonoscopy: Data from the New Hampshire Colonoscopy Registry. Dig Dis Sci. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39976832


Parry, D., Allen, J., Henderson, B., Kassab, J., Hernandez, E. and Brindley, G. (2025). The effect of tobacco use on clinical outcomes in total knee arthroplasty patients. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent), 2, 171-174. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39989994


Marczak, T. D., Anand, M., Hsieh, Y., Ajayi, A., Hacker, M. R. and Winkelman, W. D. (2025). Smoking's Impact on 30-Day Complications in Mesh and Nonmesh Prolapse Surgery. Urogynecology (Phila). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39878629


Pour Jafar, S., Garibaldi, R., Seidel, A. and Soares, S. (2024). Smoking-related complications in foot and ankle surgery: a systematic review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 24, 4691-4700. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39749371


Sewart, E., Isted, A., Wong, K. H. F., Kunst, G. and Mouton, R. (2025). Prevalence of smoking and postoperative outcomes in people undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a UK registry analysis. Anaesthesia. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39762197


Anaspure, O. S., Patel, S., Baumann, A. N., Lenz, T., Pascual-Leone, N., Anastasio, A. T. and Lau, B. C. (2024). Examining the role of smoking on clinical outcomes after arthroscopic surgery of the hip: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol, 1, 35. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39666179


Rau, A., Bazzi, M., Elhage, K. G. and Daveluy, S. (2024). The association between smoking and wound healing after surgical treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa: a systematic review. Int J Dermatol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39670527


Straus, S., Vootukuru, N., Willie-Permor, D., Elsayed, N., Ross, E. and Malas, M. (2024). The effect of preoperative smoking status on carotid endarterectomy outcomes in asymptomatic patients. J Vasc Surg. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39617080


Earlier news and research

For news items and research on this topic earlier than 2025, click here.

Intro
Chapter 2