Afloarei, C. A., Birladeanu, T., Pintilie, A. L., Toma, D., Marcu, D. T. M., Zabara Antal, A., Zabara, M. and Crisan Dabija, R. (2025). Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (CPFE): A "New" Smoking-Related Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD). Biomedicines, 11. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41301796
Hirai, K., Yamada, K., Asai, K., Tsutsumi, M., Ueda, T., Toyokura, E., Furukawa, Y., Miyamoto, A., Nishimura, M., Sato, K., Watanabe, T., Maruoka, S., Gon, Y., Tabuchi, T. and Kawaguchi, T. (2025). Prevalence of dysfunctional breathing in the Japanese community and the involvement of tobacco use status: The JASTIS study 2024. Respir Investig, 6, 1377-1382. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41260862
Li, J., Li, G., Ma, Z., Sun, Z., Shi, Y., Lou, Z., Zhao, H., Sun, M., Wang, Y., He, Q., Jiang, M. and Shen, Y. (2025). Effects of in utero tobacco exposure, age of smoking initiation, and environmental pollution on the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adulthood: a large scale prospective cohort study. BMC Pulm Med, 1, 535. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41257811
Qiqi, L., Haoxiang, L., Chuansha, W., Xiaojie, S., Longzhu, X., Chunxue, K., Jixuan, M. and Ting, Z. (2025). Time from waking to first cigarette, genetic susceptibility, and the risk of COPD: A Prospective cohort study from UK Biobank. Heart Lung, 9-17. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41232450
Zhang, X., Chen, T., Zhang, G., Du, X. and Xu, R. (2025). Causal association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), and the progression risk factors of PRISm: A study based on Mendelian randomization and meta-analysis. Tob Induc Dis. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41281585
Zhou, X., Zhang, Y., Tan, F. and Feng, C. (2025). Unveiling the toxicological impact of cigarette smoke exposure on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: integrated insights from network toxicology and multi-omics. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41217457
Abohalaka, R., Ercan, S., Lehtimaki, L., Lisik, D., Ozuygur Ermis, S. S., Ekerljung, L., Backman, H., Radinger, M., Nwaru, B. I. and Kankaanranta, H. (2025). Asthma Remission in Adults: Role of Age at Asthma Onset, Smoking, Obesity, and Allergic Rhinitis. Allergy. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41090708
Adebisi, Y. A., Alshahrani, N. Z., Spicuzza, L., Pennisi, F., Geraci, G., Cantone, G. G., Tomaselli, V. and Polosa, R. (2025). Differences in respiratory wheezing between current exclusive e-cigarette users, current exclusive cigarette smokers, and never users of either product: findings from a population-based study. Harm Reduct J, 1, 156. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41044759
Arora, J., Dubey, N., Mehta, A., Sadawarte, S. K., Gumashta, J. and Mehta, A. (2025). Association of Pulmonary Functions with Motor and Sensory Nerve Conduction Study in Smokers. J Pharm Bioallied Sci, Suppl 3, S2512-S2514. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41164703
da Silva, F. P., Carvalho, A., Guimaraes, S., Moura, C. S., Alexandre, A. T., Melo, N., Mota, P., HN, E. B. and Morais, A. (2025). Smoking-related interstitial fibrosis- a case series. BMC Pulm Med, 1, 494. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41146080
Ghosh, A. J., Chang, K. Y., Moll, M., Hess, J., Coyne, L. P., Panda, S., Cho, M. H., Bowler, R. P., Glatt, S. J. and Hersh, C. P. (2025). Genetic resilience to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a clinically distinct subtype in individuals with cigarette smoke exposure. Respir Res, 1, 297. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41152839
Li, G., Ye, F. and Chen, K. (2025). Interaction Between Smoking and Olfactory Function on Frailty: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Health Sci Rep, 10, e71266. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41164794
Sobhanan, A., V, S., Deshpande, S., Tyagi, R. and Marwah, V. (2025). Beyond Smoking: Exploring Etiotypes of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Using the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2023 Classification. Cureus, 10, e94579. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41113900
You, F., Xu, K., Chen, G., Chen, S., Yuan, Q. and Sun, B. (2025). Role of OAF and smoking initiation in COPD risk: Insights from Mendelian randomization. Tob Induc Dis. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41080621
Afolabi, S. O., Olaoye, S. O., Nyamgee, A. and Njan, A. A. (2025). Comparative effects of alternate tobacco products and traditional tobacco smoking on various organ/systems: A guide to regulators and health policy makers. Toxicol Rep, 102100. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40988706
Arenas-Jimenez, J. J., Aranda, I., Shalygina, S., Alenda, C., Ferrandez-Ferrandez, D. and Garcia-Garrigos, E. (2025). Understanding cystic lung lesions in smokers with interstitial lung disease: radiologic-pathological correlation. Insights Imaging, 1, 196. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40963007
Bhat, S., Shehhi, M., Jalil, M., Azad, S., Doshi, J. D. and Safarullah, S. (2025). Impact of Smoking and Sociodemographic Factors on Self-Reported Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Among U.S. Adults: A Retrospective Study. Cureus, 7, e89053. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40895933
de Granda-Orive, J. I., Lopez-Padilla, D., Alonso-Arroyo, A., Aleixandre-Benavent, R., Solano-Reina, S., Rabade-Castedo, C., Jimenez-Gomez, M. and Jimenez-Ruiz, C. A. (2025). Compilation of Harm: Tobacco, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Mucus Plugs. Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis. Open Respir Arch, 3, 100479. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40970268
Fernandes, F. L. A. (2025). COPD in Brazil: where there's smoke. J Bras Pneumol, 3, e20250235. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40929492
Fu, T., Zhao, S., Hu, C., Gao, J. and Xing, L. (2025). Impact of smoking behaviors on asthma incidence and allcause mortality in middle-aged and older adults: A longitudinal study from China. Tob Induc Dis. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40933690
Keene, S. J., Driessen, J. H. M., Jordan, R. E., Sitch, A., Adab, P. and Franssen, F. M. E. (2025). The independent and combined effects of smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on body mass index trajectories. Sci Rep, 1, 32883. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40998988
Lin, P., Yu, M., Jiang, F. and Liang, Z. (2025). Impact of smoking on all-cause mortality in individuals with preserved ratio impaired spirometry: A population-based cohort study. Heart Lung, 65-70. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40966794
Lu, W., Rylance, S., Schotte, K., Aarsand, R., Lebedeva, E., Bill, W., Han, J., Lam, D. C., Soriano, J. B., Yorgancioglu, A. and Sohal, S. S. (2025). Tobacco and asthma: presenting the world health organization (WHO) tobacco knowledge summary. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy, 1, 34. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40898330
Mikkelsen, H., Landt, E. M., Caroline Weisenfeldt Marott, S., Benn, M., Nordestgaard, B. G. and Dahl, M. (2025). High BMI and smoking jointly cause COPD: a Mendelian randomisation study. BMJ Open Respir Res, 1. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40953920
Ozga, J. E., Steinberg, A. W., Sargent, J. D., Tang, Z., Stanton, C. A. and Paulin, L. M. (2025). An Examination of Sex Differences and Cigarette Smoking as Predictors of COPD Prevalence and Incidence in Older US Adults. Nicotine Tob Res. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40913563
Sadeghi, S., Ghiasi, F. and Toghyani, A. (2025). Association of Pulmonary Symptoms and Co-Morbidity Diseases with Lung Function in Adult Smokers. Int J Prev Med, 52. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40964208
Subbaiyan, S., Ranganadin, P., Srinivasan, R., Balakrishna Pillai, A. and Balu, B. (2025). A comparative study of clinical profile and oxidative stress in smokers and non-smokers with COPD. Lung India, 5, 475-477. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40892826
Sul, O. J., Choi, H. W., Park, S. H., Kim, M. J. and Ra, S. W. (2025). Effects of heated tobacco products and conventional cigarettes on oxidative stress and inflammation in alveolar macrophages. Toxicol In Vitro, 106151. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41016452
Zhang, Y., Han, X., Fan, M., Lu, S., Zeng, Y., Zhou, Z., Xu, X., Zhu, Y. and Yan, X. (2025). No genetic causal relationship between smoking and acute respiratory distress syndrome: insights from Mendelian randomization and transcriptomics. World J Emerg Med, 5, 494-496. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40979783
Alsohime, F., Saheb Sharif-Askari, N., Alharbi, N. S., Alosaimi, M. F. A. and Halwani, R. (2025). A combination of silica and cigarette smoke extract exacerbates lung fibrosis: Unveiling a harmful synergy. PLoS One, 8, e0330762. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40845047
Geudens, V., De Fays, C., Willems, L., Vermaut, A., Aerts, G., Kerckhof, P., Kaes, J., Hooft, C., Jin, X., Beeckmans, H., Mohamady, Y., Aversa, L., Goos, T., Vermant, M., Gyselinck, I., Verhaegen, J., Van Slambrouck, J., Aelbrecht, C., Higham, A., Coudyzer, W., Cortesi, E. E., Vanstapel, A., McDonough, J. E., Carlon, M. S., Quarck, R., Boone, M. N., Dupont, L. J., Weynand, B., Pilette, C., Everaerts, S., Van Raemdonck, D. E., Ceulemans, L. J., Hogg, J. C., Hackett, T. L., Vos, R., Wuyts, W. A., Janssens, W., Jacob, J., Vanaudenaerde, B. M. and Gayan-Ramirez, G. (2025). Distinct Morphological Types of Small Airway Obstructions in Smokers with Emphysema and End-Stage COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40802822
Mizi, E., Vassilakopoulou, V., Chatzianastasiou, A., Georgiadis, T., Glynos, C., Theocharis, S., Vassilakopoulos, T. and Toumpanakis, D. (2025). Resistive breathing aggravates cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation. ERJ Open Res, 4. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40874171
Mokaram Doust Delkhah, A., Ghazvini, A. and Arabfard, M. (2025). Computational identification of key genetic drivers in COPD: A first step towards uncovering candidate biomarkers in smokers. Biochem Biophys Rep, 102193. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40800604
Mourouvin-Chevolot, E., Laurent, L., Claude, F., Westeel, V., Calame, P., Delabrousse, E., Barnig, C. and Behr, J. (2025). Distinctive computed tomography features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among dairy farmers and smokers. Respir Med, 108319. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40865777
Stella, G. M., Bertuccio, F. R., Novy, C., Bortolotto, C., Salzillo, I., Perrotta, F., D'Agnano, V., Conio, V., Arici, V., Cerveri, P., Bianco, A., Corsico, A. G. and Bozzani, A. (2025). From COPD to Smoke-Related Arteriopathy: The Mechanical and Immune-Inflammatory Landscape Underlying Lung Cancer Distant Spreading-A Narrative Review. Cells, 16. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40862704
Syed, M., Humbert, M., Kovacs, G. and Sahay, S. (2025). Overlapping pulmonary hypertension phenotypes in smokers: a call to action. Lancet Respir Med. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40819652
Tesfaigzi, Y., Brown, M. N., Liu, C., Ble, F. X., Harbour, D., Belinsky, S. A., Picchi, M. A., Hristova, V. A., Ostridge, K., Patel, M., Dorinksky, P. and Celli, B. R. (2025). Low Lung Function in Middle-Aged Smokers Impacts Health Status, Morbidities, and Mortality: An Observational Analysis of the Lovelace Smokers Cohort. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40774287
Wang, J. Q., Liang, Y. Y., Zhao, Z. X., Xie, W., Sun, W. N., Zou, J. Y., Lv, X. D., He, Y. and Pang, L. J. (2025). The study for asthma in older adults: a combined analysis of the effects of occupational asthmagens, high body-mass index and smoking. Front Public Health, 1625623. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40771251
Baalachandran, R. and Kaminsky, D. A. (2025). Understanding Small Airway Dysfunction in Tobacco-exposed Adults Using Oscillometry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40608420
Bardsley, S., Fageras, M., Marshall, J., Martin, N., Psallidas, I. and Singh, D. (2025). Current Smoking and Pharmacological Treatment Responses in COPD: Not Clear-Cut. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40680218
Das, B. P., Chatterjee, I. and Chatterjee, S. (2025). A Comparative Study of Laryngeal Aerodynamic Parameters Between Adult Smokers Versus Non-smokers. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 8, 2740-2748. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40727169
Genis, C., Tas, D., Yilmaz, D., Kuzucu, F. N., Selmanoglu, A., Sengul Emeksiz, Z. and Dibek Misirlioglu, E. (2025). ''Unraveling the effects of smoking in asthmatic adolescents: clinical outcomes, spirometry findings, and risk analysis''. Eur J Pediatr, 8, 481. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40658260
Kim, S. H., Zo, S., Yang, B., Kim, S. H., Yoon, H. J., Min, K. H. and Lee, H. (2025). Smoking in severe asthma: Unraveling the overlap with COPD. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 7, 1871. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40634040
Pezzuto, A., Ricci, A., Tammaro, A., Pacini, A., Salvucci, C., Tonini, G., Minoia, V., Brigato, V., Desideri, E., Calabro, N. and Carico, E. (2025). Oxidative stress in smokers with and without COPD: what variables are associated?. Minerva Med. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40608003
Skowasch, D., Stoshikj, S., Idzko, M. and Biener, L. (2025). Reply to "Smoking in severe asthma: unraveling the overlap with COPD". J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 7, 1871-1872. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40634039
Wang, L., Zhu, L., Tang, Y., Wen, Z., Peng, L. and Ci, X. (2025). Long-Term Cigarette Smoke Exposure Promotes Neutrophil Ferroptosis Resistance, Inducing Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Driving Glucocorticoid Resistance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Research (Wash D C), 751. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40666830
Young, R. P. and Scott, R. J. (2025). What Is the Evidence for "Resistant Smokers?". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40680261
Kuprys-Lipinska, I., Debowski, T., Palczynski, C., Hozejowski, R., Lacwik, P. and Kuna, P. (2025). Impact of smoking on asthma control with extrafine beclomethasone/formoterol: post hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study. J Asthma, 1-Dec. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40577574
Shiraishi, Y., Tanabe, N., Sato, A., Maetani, T., Sakamoto, R., Sato, S., Muro, S., Date, H. and Hirai, T. (2025). Diffusing capacity and alveolar attachments to small airways in smokers with and without COPD. ERJ Open Res, 3. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40491462
Bai, X., Chen, L., Ren, F., Zhao, Y., Zheng, Y., Wang, Y., Pang, S., Zhang, J., Guo, E. and Li, H. (2025). Smoking and asthma mediate the protective effect of educational attainment on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk: a mediation Mendelian randomization analysis. BMC Pulm Med, 1, 209. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40307798
Cen, T., Cen, Z., Chen, X., Deng, Z., Yu, Y., Wang, S. and Ma, H. (2025). The Relationship Between Anthropometric Variables and Lung Function in a Severe Smoking Community Population With Ventilatory Dysfunction. Clin Respir J, 5, e70076. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40433840
Dai, C., Wu, F., Tian, J., Cui, J., Deng, Z., Tian, H., Huang, P., Yang, H., Zheng, Y., Wang, Z., Xiao, S., Wen, X., Lu, L., Zhao, N., Yang, C., Yu, S., Liu, S., Wang, D., Wang, X., Lu, J., Zhong, N., Zhou, Y. and Ran, P. (2025). Lung Function Decline and Airflow Limitation Risk in Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm) Subtypes by Smoking Status. Chest. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40354996
Ichikawa, S., Muratani, S., Sano, K., Erami, K., Mori, A., Matsumoto, R. and Ito, S. (2025). Quantitative adverse outcome pathway modeling for cigarette-smoke-induced airway mucus hypersecretion. Part 1: adverse-outcome-pathway-based in vitro assessment with repeated exposure to whole cigarette smoke. Front Toxicol, 1564857. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40443805
Ito, S., Ichikawa, S., Matsumoto, R., Muratani, S., Sano, K., Mori, A. and Erami, K. (2025). Quantitative adverse outcome pathway modeling for cigarette smoke-inducible airway mucus hypersecretion. Part 2: Bayesian network modeling for probabilistic risk estimation. Front Toxicol, 1564864. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40443806
Kaya, I., Karadogan, D., Yumrukuz Senel, M., Telatar, T. G. and Akgun, M. (2025). Effect of Cumulative Tobacco Exposure on Blood Eosinophil Level in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Can Respir J, 5588908. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40443826
Kheir, F., Hunninghake, G. M., Khor, Y. H., Pang, B., Podolanczuk, A., Ryerson, C. J., Schwartz, D. A. and Wilson, K. C. (2025). Prevalence of Interstitial Lung Abnormalities in Adult Smokers. Ann Am Thorac Soc. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40388261
McElroy, J. P., Song, M. A., Barr, J. R., Gardner, M. S., Kinnebrew, G., Kuklenyik, Z., Kusovschi, J. D., Rees, J. C., Blount, B. C., Tsai, M., Wewers, M. D., Kamel, S., Reisinger, S. A., Singh, A., Weng, D. Y. and Shields, P. G. (2025). Lung lipids associated with smoking and ECIG use in a cross-sectional study and clinical trial. Respir Res, 1, 193. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40394619
Mochizuki, F., Tanabe, N., Iijima, H., Shimada, T., Shiraishi, Y., Maetani, T., Sakamoto, R., Ishikawa, H., Naito, T., Kanasaki, M., Masuda, I., Oguma, T., Sato, S., Hizawa, N. and Hirai, T. (2025). Prediction of airflow limitation in smokers using multiple CT imaging indices: airway wall thickness, quantitative emphysema, and visually identified centrilobular emphysema. Respir Med, 108169. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40404064
Steinberg, A. W., Ozga, J. E., Tang, Z., Stanton, C. A., Sargent, J. D. and Paulin, L. M. (2025). Gender, tobacco and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: analysis of the 2020 National Health Interview Survey. BMJ Open Respir Res, 1. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40340913
Young, R. P., Wang, Z. and Scott, R. J. (2025). Reclassification of High-risk Smokers by FEV(1)/FVC: Is It Worth a GOLD STAR?. Ann Am Thorac Soc. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40343928
Zhang, W., Chen, B., Zhao, C., Yang, D., Shima, M., Fan, W., Yoda, Y., Li, S., Guo, C., Chen, Y., Guo, X. and Deng, F. (2025). Personal exposure to PM(2.5) and O(3) induced heterogeneous inflammatory responses and modifying effects of smoking: A prospective panel study in COPD patients. J Hazard Mater, 138471. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40378747
Abdo, M., Watz, H., Trinkmann, F., Bohnet, S., Guess, M. A. M., Roeben, J., May, K., Reck, M., Bollmann, B. A., Stiebeler, S., Dettmer, S., Waschki, B., Rabe, K. F., Franzen, K. F. and Vogel-Claussen, J. (2025). Oscillometry-defined Small Airway Dysfunction in Tobacco-exposed Adults with Impaired or Preserved Airflow. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40173271
Bang, J. H., Son, J. H., Lee, J. U., Kim, M. K., Park, S. L., Seo, E. J., Park, J. S., Chang, H. S. and Park, C. S. (2025). Association Between MUC13 Gene Polymorphisms and Exacerbations of Asthma Under the Influence of Cigarette Smoking. DNA Cell Biol. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40273000
Colak, Y., Nordestgaard, B. G., Lange, P. and Afzal, S. (2025). Sex differences in COPD in relation to smoking exposure: a population-based cohort study. Thorax. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40185636
Guo, X., Luo, Q., Chen, D. and Lin, H. (2025). Risk and Protective Factors of COPD Among Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study Using NHANES Database. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 1027-1038. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40236760
Li, Y. and Yang, K. (2025). Diet inflammatory potential modifies the association between tobacco smoke exposure and lung function. BMC Public Health, 1, 1243. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40175941
Munzer, M., Martini, N., Albitar, M. M., Channiss, L., Martini, M. and Al Bardan, H. (2025). Prevalence of Smoking Among Spontaneous Pneumothorax Patients and Its Impact on Treatment in Syria Country: A Cross-Sectional Study. Health Sci Rep, 4, e70743. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40256130
Nwozor, K. O., Hackett, T. L., Chen, Q., Yang, C. X., Aguilar Lozano, S. P., Zheng, X., Al-Fouadi, M., Kole, T. M., Faiz, A., Mahbub, R. M., Slebos, D. J., Klooster, K., Timens, W., van den Berge, M., Brandsma, C. A. and Heijink, I. H. (2025). Effect of age, COPD severity and cigarette smoke exposure on bronchial epithelial barrier function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40247649
Yan, L., Guo, H., Fu, J. and Zhou, T. (2025). Overlapping exposure to cigarette smoke and particulate matter does not have a direct additive effect on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin Med J Pulm Crit Care Med, 1, 60-62. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40226604
Agraval, H., Gao, J., Schaunaman, N., Hua, H., Vandivier, R. W., Numata, M., Day, B. J. and Chu, H. W. (2025). Toll-Interacting Protein Down-Regulation by Cigarette Smoke Exposure Impairs Human Lung Defense against Influenza A Virus Infection. Am J Pathol. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40056974
Backman, H., Myrberg, T., Hedman, L., Stridsman, C., Ronmark, E. and Lindberg, A. (2025). Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry Is an Important Risk Factor for Development of COPD, Also in Those Who Do Not Smoke. Chest. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40058579
Colak, Y. (2025). Lung Function Decline in Smokers with Normal Spirometry: The Devastating Impact of Lung Attacks. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40106823
Jeong, C., An, T., Chung, M. J., Han, J., Yoo, H. and Cha, Y. K. (2025). CT features of pathologically proven smoking-related interstitial fibrosis: compared with emphysema and usual interstitial pneumonia. Eur Radiol. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40047919
Park, H., Jo, S. M., Jin, K. N., Lee, H. J., Lee, H. W., Park, T. Y., Heo, E. Y., Kim, D. K. and Lee, J. K. (2025). Distinct risks of exacerbation and lung function decline between never-smokers and ever-smokers with COPD. BMC Pulm Med, 1, 138. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40155891
Adebile, T. V., Asifat, O. A., Dey, S., Nwaonumah, E. C. and Yu, L. (2025). Effect of Smoking on Mortality in Individuals With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in the United States. Respir Care. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39969938
Calverley, P. M. A. (2025). Lung Volumes in Smokers without COPD - A Pointer to Disease Development?. Ann Am Thorac Soc. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39965164
Celli, B. R., Christenson, S., Rabe, K. F., Han, M. K., van den Berge, M., Criner, G. J., Soler, X., Djandji, M., Radwan, A., Rowe, P. J., Deniz, Y. and Jacob-Nara, J. A. (2025). Current Smoker: A Clinical COPD Phenotype Affecting Disease Progression and Response to Therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39938077
Feng, H., Li, Z. and Zheng, R. (2025). The global burden of chronic respiratory diseases attributable to tobacco from 1990 to 2021: a global burden of disease study 2021. BMC Public Health, 1, 456. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39905394
Fortis, S., Strand, M., Bhatt, S. P., Ten Eyck, P., Wendt, L., Parekh, T., Han, M. K., Hokanson, J. E., Kinney, G., Curtis, J. L., Bowler, R. P., Wan, E. S., Kunisaki, K. M., Wendt, C. H., Regan, E., Dransfield, M., Crapo, J. D., Silverman, E. K. and Comellas, A. P. (2025). Respiratory Exacerbations and Lung Function Decline in People with Smoking History and Normal Spirometry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39946437
Herath, P., Wimalasekera, S. W., Amarasekara, T. D., Fernando, M. S. and Turale, S. (2025). Comparison of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary functions of adult male cigarette smokers and non-smokers in Sri Lanka; A comparative analytical study. PLoS One, 2, e0315095. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39937707
Kridin, K., Papara, C., Bieber, K., De Luca, D. A., Klein, J. P., Ludwig, M. A., Curman, P., Vorobyev, A., Dempfle, A. and Ludwig, R. J. (2025). Nicotine dependence is associated with an increased risk of developing chronic, non-communicable inflammatory disease: a large-scale retrospective cohort study. Front Psychiatry, 1429297. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40012715
Li, M. and Gao, W. (2025). The impact of smoking on respiratory rehabilitation efficacy and correlation analysis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective study. J Thorac Dis, 1, 254-264. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39975758
Mendoza, N. and Meiners, S. (2025). COPD, IPF and Tobacco: What are the Common (Immune) Denominators?. Arch Bronconeumol. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39890528
Sharma, A. K., Sorte, S. R., Rathod, S. B. and Phatak, M. (2024). Early Respiratory Mechanics Alterations in Smokers: Correlative Analysis of the Forced Oscillation Technique and Computerized Spirometry. Cureus, 12, e76677. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39898151
Sohal, S. S. (2025). Vascular Pruning in Smokers, Patients with Small Airway Disease and Early COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40020240
Zhang, Z., Wang, K., Xu, G. and Zhang, R. (2025). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease burden attributable to tobacco and the trend change from 1990 to 2021 in China. Tob Induc Dis. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39931132
Gaalema, D. E., Zhang, Y., Howard, G. and Menson, K. (2025). Patient Characteristics and Outcomes by Sex and Smoking Status in Pulmonary and Cardiac Rehabilitation. Nicotine Tob Res. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39787043
Herrero-Cortina, B., Maldonado-Guaje, A., Rodriguez-Sanz, J., Boldova-Loscertales, A., Cubero-Marin, P., Marin-Oto, M., Sanz-Rubio, D. and Marin, J. M. (2024). Incident Cardiometabolic Comorbidities in Smokers with/Without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Long-Term Cohort Study. J Clin Med, 24. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39768550
Kaszuba, M., Koscielniak, J., Sliwka, A., Pilinski, R., Bochenek, G., Maga, P. and Nowobilski, R. (2025). The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in hospitalized tobacco smokers with peripheral artery disease. Vasa. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39829220
Zhang, L., Du, P., Zheng, Q., Zhao, M., Zhang, R., Wang, Z., Xu, Z., Li, X. and Thai, P. K. (2025). Exposure to smoking and greenspace are associated with allergy medicine use - A study of wastewaterin 28 cities of China. Environ Int, 109291. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39864136
Zhu, J., Wang, Y., Liu, H., Wang, M., Wang, J., Ding, L., Zhou, D. and Li, Y. (2025). Early-life Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and the Risk of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Population-based Cohort Study. Ann Am Thorac Soc. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39879538
Fekete, M., Horvath, A., Santa, B., Abonyi-Toth, Z., Tomisa, G., Szollosi, G. J., Lehoczki, A., Fazekas-Pongor, V. and Varga, J. T. (2024). Analysis of COPD: Distinguishing Characteristics and Management of Smoking vs Never Smoking Patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2671-2688. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39677832
Haidar, L., Balteanu, M. A., Georgescu, M., Draghici, G. A., Laza, E. A., Serb, A. F. and Cioboata, R. (2024). Smoking and Health Profiles of Hypertensive Patients with COVID-19: An Exploratory Study of Key Physiological Markers. J Clin Med, 23. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39685703
Kunitomo, Y., Woo, H., Balasubramanian, A., Fawzy, A., Lin, C. T., Raju, S., Belz, D. C., McCormack, M. C., Koehler, K., Hansel, N. N. and Putcha, N. (2024). Longitudinal anemia status and risk for adverse outcomes in former smokers with COPD. Respir Res, 1, 437. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39702327
McClelland, P. C., Jarrett, Z., Lamb, C. C. and Houle, M. (2024). Multifocal Pulmonary Opacities in an Elderly Smoker. Cureus, 11, e73793. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39691141
Otake, S., Chubachi, S., Miyamoto, J., Haneishi, Y., Arai, T., Iizuka, H., Shimada, T., Sakurai, K., Okuzumi, S., Kabata, H., Asakura, T., Miyata, J., Irie, J., Asano, K., Nakamura, H., Kimura, I. and Fukunaga, K. (2024). Impact of smoking on gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in human and mice: Implications for COPD. Mucosal Immunol. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39675727
Sreedevi, S. R., Holla, R., Vishak, A. K., Unnikrishnan, B., Rekha, T., Mithra, P. P., Kumar, N. and Rao, M. (2025). COPD in females- Seeing through the smoke. Lung India, 1, 40-46. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39718914
Tu, J., Wan, W., Tang, B., Jiang, F., Wen, J., Luo, Q. and Ye, J. (2024). Dissecting the pathogenic effects of smoking in blood DNA methylation on allergic diseases. World Allergy Organ J, 12, 100995. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39640897
Wang, Z., Qiu, Y., Ji, X. and Dong, L. (2024). Effects of smoking cessation on individuals with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health, 1433269. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39722704