Home
18.6.8 Other health risks
Foreword

Relevant news and research: Other health risks

Adebisi, Y. A., Ngoma, C., Campagna, D., Ceriello, A., Alshahrani, N. Z., Misra, A., Basit, A., Russo, C., Battelino, T., Somasundaram, N., Jalaludin, M. Y., Le Dinh, P., Saisho, Y., Walicka, M., Tomaselli, V., Cantone, G., Moser, O. and Polosa, R. (2025). Differential associations between smoking, e-cigarette use, and diabetes prevalence. Diabetes Metab Syndr, 10, 103331. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41308569


Eghtedari, C., Good, L. M., Florentino, S. A., Berk, A. N., Adelstein, J. M., Hirpara, A., Wetzel, R. J., Ochenjele, G. and Napora, J. K. (2025). Non-tobacco nicotine dependence and rates of perioperative complications in operatively treated unicondylar tibial plateau fractures: A retrospective, propensity-matched cohort analysis. Injury, 12, 112889. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41270685


Florentino, S. A., Rascoe, A. S., Berk, A. N., Good, L. M., Adelstein, J. M., Wetzel, R. J., Ochenjele, G. and Napora, J. K. (2025). Non-Tobacco Nicotine Dependence Is Associated With Increased Risk of Reoperation and Complications After Ankle Fracture ORIF: A Propensity-Matched Database Study. Foot Ankle Int, 10711007251390529. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41299241


George, K. D., Kandadai, J., Satzke, C., Hashioka, H., Chao, M., Scott, D. J. and Gross, C. E. (2025). Both Tobacco and Non-Tobacco Nicotine Dependence Are Associated With Increased Complications Following Ankle Fracture Open Reduction Internal Fixation: A Propensity-Matched TriNetX Analysis (2005-2025). Foot Ankle Int, 10711007251385994. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41229382


Hammad, A. M., Syaj, H., Amawi, H., Bandar, I. and Tiwari, A. K. (2025). Impact of E-Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke on Brain Expression of ABCB1 and ABCG2 Efflux Transporters. Neurochem Res, 6, 349. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41191171


Hirpara, A., Shah, A., Moyal, A. J., Adelstein, J. M., Burkhart, R. J., Stirpe, C., Cheng, C. W., Gordon, Z. L., Furey, C. G. and Rajan, P. V. (2025). Impact of Non-Tobacco Nicotine Dependence on Outcomes Following Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41178146


Jadhav, S. R., Akter, K. A., Mara, D. and Abbruscato, T. J. (2025). Dual Use of Combustible and Electronic Cigarettes Progressively Disrupts Tight Junctions and Elevates Oxidative Stress, Leading to Compromised Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity. Toxicol Sci. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41223140


Rodgers, N. J., Florentino, S. A., Good, L. M., Berk, A. N., Wetzel, R. J., Ochenjele, G. and Napora, J. K. (2025). Non-tobacco nicotine dependence and postoperative outcomes in operative treatment of humeral shaft fractures. Injury, 12, 112872. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41223580


Sailis, A. B., Noh, M., Leo, B. F., Faruqu, F. N., Yee, A. and Sim, M. S. (2026). Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by E-cigarettes. Toxicology, 154339. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41240997


Saleh, S. M., Al-Janabi, A., Abouelmagd, M. E., Habib, O., Abdi, S. M., Zainab, M., Hassan, N. A. and Consortium, D. (2025). Eating behaviors and nutritional habits among young adults using electronic nicotine delivery systems in a multinational cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 1, 3749. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41184888


Shaito, A., Daher, M. A., El Hajj, N., Hijazi, R., Al Feghali, F., Husari, A., El-Sabban, M. and Saliba, J. (2025). Human primary mesenchymal stem cells fail to recover full osteogenic differentiation potential following washout of electronic cigarette aerosol extracts. Nicotine Tob Res. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41247321


Fuller, Z., Chopra, A., Thomas, J., Oliver, D., Fisher, M. and Abdo, Z. E. (2025). Increased Postoperative Complications in Non-Tobacco Nicotine Users Following Total Hip Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41110641


Li, S. and Chen, C. (2025). Response to Smith et al., "Association between psoriasis and electronic cigarette usage among adults in the United States". J Am Acad Dermatol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41061987


Meyer, C., Onufer, N., Lerch, R., Burns, P. and Manway, J. (2025). Effects of Vaping on Foot and Ankle Surgery: A Pilot Study. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc, 5. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41166127


Nogueira, G. N. and Daher, E. F. (2025). Effects of vaping on kidney function: a systematic review on acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. J Bras Nefrol, 4, e20240216. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41082627


Parigi, T. L., Nardone, O. M., Lisa, M., Massimino, L., Gabbiadini, R., Innocenti, T., Bertani, L., Del Gaudio, A., Florez, P., Bertin, L., Barberio, B., Hupe, M., Lopetuso, L., Allocca, M., D'Amico, F., Furfaro, F., Zilli, A., Fiorino, G., Ungaro, F., Castiglione, F., Savarino, E., Dragoni, G., Scaldaferri, F., Armuzzi, A., Peyrin-Biroulet, L., Jairath, V., Pizarro, T. T. and Danese, S. (2025). The impact of E-Cigarettes and Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco on Postoperative Recurrence of Crohn's Disease: A Multicenter International Study. Am J Gastroenterol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41134080


Posso, A. N., Mustoe, A., Tobin, M., Yamin, M., Mehdizadeh, M., Raquepo, T., Escobar-Domingo, M. J., Karinja, S. J., Cauley, R. P. and Lee, B. T. (2025). Impact of non-tobacco nicotine use on postoperative complications in breast reduction: A propensity score-matched analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 80-88. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41038045


Shin, J. W., Kwon, J. W., Chun, S. Y., Park, Y., Kim, H. S., Moon, S. H., Suk, K. S., Park, S. Y., Lee, B. H. and Ye, D. H. (2025). Electronic and Conventional Cigarette Use and Risk of Spinal Disc Disorders: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Spine J. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41101647


Sifil, M. and Kahn, D. (2025). Nicotine Exposure (Including NRT) and Wound Complications in Plastic Surgery: Single-Institution Cohort, 1992-2024. Plast Reconstr Surg. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41129831


Smith, B., Brown, E., Kim, Y. J., Afolabi, A. and Tung, J. K. (2025). Clarifying confounders and limitations in the association between psoriasis and electronic cigarette use. J Am Acad Dermatol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41061984


Spitzer, C., Romoff, M., Brunette, M., Peterson, M. K., Ton, A., Le, R., Sharma, A., Chan, J. P., Wu, H. H., Hashmi, S. and Kim, M. S. (2025). Non-tobacco nicotine dependence increases risk of complications following lumbar spine decompression and fusion. N Am Spine Soc J, 100790. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41089422


Alomari, M. A. and Khabour, O. F. (2025). Effects of electronic smoking on daytime plasma cortisol levels and the possible ameliorating role of physical activity: a cross-sectional study. J Yeungnam Med Sci, 58. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40987573


Fang, Y., Sun, Y., Xie, A., Liu, Y., Li, L., Tang, J. and Liao, Y. (2025). Peripheral inflammation and PSD-95 levels are associated with structural brain changes in individuals with nicotine dependence using e-cigarettes. Drug Alcohol Depend, 112901. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41005177


Ghilzai, U., Lawand, J. J., Ghali, A., Chandra, K., Phan, E. and Ahmed, A. S. (2025). Association of Nontobacco Nicotine Dependence with Postoperative Complications After Distal Radius ORIF: A Retrospective Analysis. J Hand Surg Am. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40996400


Jeong, S. M. (2025). Unveiling the risks of noncombustible nicotine or tobacco products. Korean J Fam Med, 5, 297-298. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40998290


Lopez Alvarez, A. B., Ulloa Delgado, D. A., Palencia Florez, D. C. and Moron Barreto, M. C. (2025). Ocular surface and tear film in university students who use inhalant substances, mainly vapers. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40915563


Oliver, B. G., Wang, Q., Yarak, R. A., Hikasem, T., Gorrie, C. A., Yi, C. and Chen, H. (2025). Memory under siege: the cognitive costs of smoking and vaping. Brain Behav Immun Health, 101102. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41018678


Sontam, T. R., Toussaint, L., Hlavinka, W. J., Chavda, H., Mbilinyi, R. H. and Zide, J. R. (2025). Elevated Risk of Postoperative Complications With Non-tobacco Nicotine Use Following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Ankle Fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40911844


Sulthana, H., Jan, A., Verma, A., Sah, R., Mehta, R., Ullah, A., Rahim, A., Alqudimat, M. R. and Ullah, A. (2025). Impact of electronic cigarette use and sleep duration, sleep issues and insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health, 1662234. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40951402


Wang, J., Patel, A., Nguyen, P., Panchbhavi, M. and Panchbhavi, V. K. (2025). Postoperative Complications After Hammertoe Correction: The Influence of Tobacco and Non-Tobacco Nicotine. J Foot Ankle Surg. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41016616


Etgu, F. and Yilmaz, E. S. (2025). The effect of smoking and other tobacco product use on perceptions of skin quality and health, approaches to skin care, and minimally invasive cosmetic procedures: A cross-sectional study. Tob Induc Dis. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40861880


Fernandez, M. D. S., Muniz, F., Dallepiane, F. G., da Silva-Garcia, N. R. J., Rocha, M. A., Cascaes, A. M., Cruz, A. C. C. and Casarin, M. (2025). Association between electronic nicotine delivery systems and dental caries: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol, 106366. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40752150


Jukic, I., Matulic, I. and Vukovic, J. (2025). Effects of Nicotine-Free E-Cigarettes on Gastrointestinal System: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines, 8. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40868250


Li, S., Liu, R., Zhang, J., Pei, W. and Hou, J. (2025). Electronic cigarette use and risk of chronic kidney disease: a dose-response analysis with propensity score matching in a nationally representative cohort. BMC Public Health, 1, 2957. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40866870


Mears, M. J., Bandaru, P., Neczypor, E. W., Byun, M. K., Zhang, M., Gorr, M. W., Masso-Silva, J. A., Barnes, L., Perryman, A., Kumar, A., Hendel, J. M., Fuentes, A. L., Wold, L. E. and Alexander, L. E. C. (2025). Multisystem Toxicity of E-Cigarettes in Preclinical and Clinical Studies: Pathophysiologic Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol Exposures from Head to Toe. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40829784


Monteiro, J. C., Haddad, L. M. and Azevedo, R. R. (2025). Effects of E-Cigarette Use on Voice: An Integrative Literature Review. J Voice. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40829976


Ochoa, A., 3rd, Brinson, J., Chin Loy, K. and Yousuf, S. J. (2025). Associations between Electronic Cigarettes, Smokeless Tobacco, and Age-related Macular Degeneration in the 2017 United States National Health Interview Survey. J Vitreoretin Dis, 2.47413E+16. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40799295


Sontam, T. R., Cho, S. W., Chen, A., Shalabi, M. M. K. and Tolkachjov, S. N. (2025). Non-tobacco nicotine dependence and postoperative complications after Mohs surgery: A retrospective analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40827811


Spicuzza, L., Pennisi, F. and Campagna, D. (2025). Caution required in interpreting inflammatory effects of e-cigarette use: correcting methodological and conceptual weaknesses. Respir Res, 1, 256. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40760707


Billa, A. L., Sukhabogi, J. R., Doshi, D. and Athe, R. (2025). Systemic and Salivary Cytokine Levels among Adult E-Cigarette Users: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 7, 2327-2338. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40729053


Dao, M. Q., Fung, E., Yu, B. Z., Rai, P., Wilson, J., Nanda, A., Suydam, R., Henderson, P. W. and Taub, P. J. (2025). Non-Tobacco Nicotine Dependence Is Associated With Increased Early Postoperative Complications Following Reduction Mammaplasty. Aesthet Surg J. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40717504


Fuoad Al Bayati, S. A. A., Al Sharbatti, S. S., Ibrahim, E. H., Bylappa, S. K. and Saleh, D. K. H. (2025). The Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on Oral Health: Analytic Cross-Sectional Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci, Suppl 2, S1131-S1137. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40655669


Good, L. M., Blackburn, C. W., Adelstein, J. M., Berk, A. N., Florentino, S. A., Jawanda, H. S. and Cohen-Levy, W. B. (2025). What is the Association Between Nontobacco Nicotine Dependence and Postoperative Complications in Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Large Propensity-Matched Cohort Study. Arthroplast Today, 101743. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40636708


Koder, A. and Ozdil, S. (2025). The Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on Sense of Smell: A Comparative Analysis With Traditional Cigarettes. J Craniofac Surg. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40663008


McKenna, V. S., Ling, C., Llico, A. F. and Patel, R. (2025). Effects of Daily Electronic Cigarette Use on the Vocal Mechanism: A Multimodality Study. Laryngoscope. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40735904


Thode, H., Heshmati, J. and Mir, H. (2025). Association between e-cigarette use, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open, 7, e101489. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40721252


Tolba, Y. M., Ayana, R. A. A. and Nagui, D. A. (2025). Vitamins C and E alleviate the deleterious effects of electronic cigarettes on tongue muscles and nerves in rat model. BMC Oral Health, 1, 1184. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40670937


Chung, Y. K., Cheung, Y. T., Chan, C. S. Y., Wong, C. C., Fu, A. C. C., Lam, Y. Y. and Lee, C. Y. (2025). Adrenal insufficiency due to etomidate inhalation via electronic cigarettes: three local cases. Hong Kong Med J, 3, 229-232. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40461167


Jeong, W., Song, M. J., Shin, J. H. and Kim, J. H. (2025). Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Population-Based Study. J Clin Med, 11. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40507378


La Rosa, G. R. M., Giovane, C. D., Minozzi, S., Kowalski, J., Chapple, I., Amaliya, A., Farsalinos, K. and Polosa, R. (2025). Oral health effects of non?combustible nicotine products: a systematic review and network meta?analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Dent, 105910. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40518041


Lucena, L. A., da Silva, P. C., Vale, V. S., Dantas, S. J. L. and Oliveira, R. A. (2025). Severe E-Cigarette-Induced Esophagitis in a Patient With Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Case Report. Cureus, 5, e83563. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40476125


Marczak, Z., Olkowski, B., Rostkowska, O. M., Miszewska-Szyszkowska, D., Kozinska-Przybyl, O., Warezak, T. and Durlik, M. (2025). Patterns of cigarette, e-cigarette, heated tobacco, and alcohol use in solid organ transplant recipients, a pre- versus post-transplant comparison: Survey results from a transplantation center in Poland. Tob Prev Cessat. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40497029


Panariello, B., Dias Panariello, F., Misir, A. and Barboza, E. P. (2025). An Umbrella Review of E-Cigarettes' Impact on Oral Microbiota and Biofilm Buildup. Pathogens, 6. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40559585


Power, B., Wang, M. T. M., Xue, A. L. and Craig, J. P. (2025). Association of tobacco smoking with aqueous deficient and evaporative dry eye disease subtypes: a prospective registry-based case-control study. Ocul Surf, 53-55. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40518014


Saleh, S. M., Shata, A., Tiryag, A. M., Malak, B. G., Okour, A. M. A., Atiyah, M. A., Al-Khaboori, W., Raslan, M., Helmy, A. A., Al-Howaity, A., Saeed, R. N., Aboelkhier, M. M., Aldahoud, M. U., Malkawi, A. S., Habib, O., Hassan, N. A. and Consortium, D. (2025). Halitosis among users of electronic nicotine delivery systems in a multi-center cross-sectional study. Sci Rep, 1, 20287. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40562833


Salih, M. M., Tamr, T. A., Elmissbah, T. E., Hanafy, S. M., Dahlawi, H. A. and Khalifa, E. H. (2025). Comparative analysis of cytological changes in the buccal mucosa among traditional cigarette and electronic cigarette users. Tob Induc Dis. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40552062


Alnufaiy, B., Alzahrani, H. G., Lambarte, R. A., Alghamdi, M. A., Alali, A. S., Alanazi, W. F., Alkanhal, M. H. and Almukhalfi, A. F. (2025). The impact of electronic cigarette smoking on periodontal status and proinflammatory cytokine levels: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health, 1, 775. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40410855


Ibrahim, M. S., Alatiyyah, F. M., Alsalman, A. M., Alzenidi, R. F., Albattat, A. A. and Alkhaldi, A. S. (2025). Nicotine-induced changes in surface properties of restorative materials and dental enamel: An in vitro study on flavored e-cigarette exposure. Tob Induc Dis. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40386167


Lawand, J. J., Rizk, A. A., Berg, J., Sogbein, O. A., Ghali, A., Granruth, C., Hill, B. W., Khan, A. Z., Horneff, J. G. and Abboud, J. A. (2025). Non-Tobacco Nicotine Dependence is Associated with Increased Postoperative Pain and Opioid Requirement Following Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40441405


Patel, A., Wang, J., Patel, T. Y., Panchbhavi, M. and Panchbhavi, V. K. (2025). Assessing the impact of nicotine and non-tobacco nicotine use on postoperative complications following hallux valgus surgery. Foot Ankle Surg. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40413150


Saxena, V., Datla, A., Pradhan, P., Deheriya, M., Tiwari, N. and Shoukath, S. (2025). Impact of smokeless and smoking tobacco on subgingival microbial composition: A comparative study. Przegl Epidemiol, 1, 95-103. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40446105


Staton, D. V., Tang, J., Barbisan, M., Nussbaum, J. and Baker, J. L. (2025). The effect of Beta vulgaris on an in vitro oral microbiome of electronic cigarette users. J Oral Microbiol, 1, 2509669. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40433629


Vadalia, M. and Yadav, N. K. (2025). Neurophysiological and visual effects of cannabis, nicotine, and e-cigarettes on patients with TBI: a literature review. Brain Inj, 1-Nov. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40447454


Beverly, M. L., Chaudhary, P. P., Dabdoub, S. M., Kim, S., Chatzakis, E., Williamson, K., Ganesan, S. M., Yadav, M., Ratley, G., D'Souza, B. N., Myles, I. A. and Kumar, P. S. (2025). Toxic cultures: e-cigarettes and the oral microbial exposome. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes, 1, 66. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40280980


Erdogan, M. A., Kalyoncuoglu, U. T. and Yilmaz Erdemli, B. (2025). Comparative effects of conventional and electronic cigarettes on discoloration and surface roughness of gingiva-colored dental materials. J Prosthodont. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40170561


Gupta, R., Sivasubramanian, B. P., Antony Raj, A. S., Dirisanala, S., Dakkak, T., Williams, A. and Bongu, N. (2025). Severe Pulmonary Blastomycosis in a Young Adult: Probable Role of E-Cigarette Use in Immunosuppression. Case Rep Med, 6019638. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40170803


Hammad, A. M., Syaj, H., Abusara, O. H., Khdair, S. I., Debas, R. and Hall, F. S. (2025). Anxiety-like behavior in rats during periods of abstinence following E-cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke exposure: Role of inflammatory cytokines and glutamate receptors. Behav Brain Res, 115600. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40287018


La Rosa, G. R. M., Del Giovane, C., Pedulla, E., Kowalski, J., Chapple, I., Minozzi, S., Amaliya, A. and Polosa, R. (2025). Oral health effects of non-combustible nicotine products: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Syst Rev, 1, 90. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40247359


Neupane, S., Florkowski, W. J. and Dhakal, C. (2025). Heterogeneous Association Between E-Cigarette Use and Diabetes Prevalence Among U.S. Adults. AJPM Focus, 3, 100281. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40212580


Palmer, N., Xiang, J., Lokant, J., Alsharif, K., Nurkiewicz, T. and Ngan, P. (2025). Effects of e-cigarette aerosol on the force degradation of elastomeric chain: An in vitro study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40298852


Park, A. C., Wang, L., Fehrenbach, M. P., Ayo-Ajibola, O., Patel, U. A., Samant, S. and Stepan, K. O. (2025). Non-Tobacco Nicotine Use and Complications in Free Flap Repair in Head and Neck Cancer. Laryngoscope. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40257275


Tabnjh, A. K., Alizadehgharib, S., Campus, G. and Lingstrom, P. (2025). The effects of electronic smoking on dental caries and proinflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oral Health, 1569806. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40291822


Zhou, B., Yang, S., Zhou, X., Chen, Q., Tu, E., Zhang, B., Shi, L. and Zhou, X. (2025). Severe tremors induced by tiletamine e-cigarette and alcohol use: a case report. Front Psychiatry, 1537822. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40248598


Alwafi, A. A. and Abuljadayel, L. W. (2024). Oral Health of the Electronic Cigarette Smokers: A Systematic Review. J Pharm Bioallied Sci, Suppl 5, S4331-S4338. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40061774


Chauhan, M. Z., Guo, Z., Muayad, J., Hussain, Z. S. and Elhusseiny, A. M. (2025). Re: Hsu et al.: Risk of uveitis among e-cigarette users: a multi-institutional TriNetX study (Ophthalmology. 2025;132:370-373). Ophthalmology. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40100195


Hou, R., Yang, J., Li, X., Wang, X., Du, W., Kang, W., Liu, J., Yang, T., Li, J., Wang, X., Liu, J. and Zhao, B. (2025). Decoding different oxidative stress pathways in periodontitis: a comparative review of mechanisms of traditional tobacco smoke and electronic smoke aerosol. Arch Toxicol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40069461


Liang, S. T. H., Lam, R. P. K., Chan, N. T. J., Leung, M. M. K., Tsui, S. H. and Rainer, T. H. (2025). Subclinical adrenal suppression and urine immunoassay detection of etomidate in an electronic cigarette user. Clin Toxicol (Phila), 1-Feb. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40094346


Ray, P., Shanbhag, N. and Puranik, M. P. (2024). Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Oral Health: Emerging Risks and Concerns. Indian J Dent Res, 4, 492-493. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40156533


Smith, B., Brown, E., Kim, Y. J., Afolabi, A. and Tung, J. K. (2025). Association between psoriasis and electronic cigarette usage among adults in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40139320


Wadia, R. (2025). E-cigarette knowledge. Br Dent J, 6, 392. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40148634


Yang, X., Xie, Y., Chen, H., Zhang, J., Qiu, W. and Pang, J. (2025). Associations of cigarette use, e-cigarette use, and dual use, with nocturia and urge urinary incontinence in US adults. Tob Induc Dis. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40062230


Alzoubi, K. H., Khabour, O. F., Al-Sawalha, N., Al Momany, E. M., Jarab, A., Haddad, R., Alrabadi, N., Alqudah, M. A. Y., Al-Zoubi, T. K. and Eissenberg, T. (2025). Vitamin C Protects from Impairment of Memory Induced by E-Cigarette Aerosol Exposure. Curr Neuropharmacol. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39936419


George, S. A., Braha, M., Chaudhary, S. N. and Aziz, M. A. (2025). Lush Ice High: A Rare Case of Nicotine E-Liquid-Induced Toxic Encephalopathy. Cureus, 1, e77486. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39958056


Goenka, S. (2025). Impact of nicotine-free and nicotine-rich flavored electronic cigarette refill liquids on primary human melanocyte function. Toxicol Rep, 101924. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39949971


Kleebayoon, A. and Wiwanitkit, V. (2025). Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Oral Microbiome and Metabolome in 3D Tissue-Engineered Models: Comment. Int Dent J. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39894724


Nigliaccio, S., Fontana, D. A., Cacioppo, A., Curcio, L., Cumbo, E., Scardina, G. A. and Messina, P. (2025). Evaluation and Comparison of Capillary Morphology Among Combusted Tobacco, Heated Tobacco and E-Cigarette Users. Biology (Basel), 2. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40001931


Tattar, R., Jackson, J. and Holliday, R. (2025). The impact of e-cigarette use on periodontal health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Dent. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39948158


Zima, K., Bogucka, A., Wojtas, M. and Zabielska-Kaczorowska, M. (2025). Immunological Effects of Electronic Cigarette Use: A Review of Current Evidence. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, 1, 9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39891861


Alkattan, R., Tashkandi, N., Mirdad, A., Ali, H. T., Alshibani, N. and Allam, E. (2025). Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Periodontal Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int Dent J. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39863518


Chitteti, R., Zuniga-Hertz, J. P., Masso-Silva, J. A., Shin, J., Niesman, I., Bojanowski, C. M., Kumar, A. J., Hepokoski, M., Crotty Alexander, L. E., Patel, H. H. and Roth, D. M. (2025). E-cigarette-induced changes in cell stress and mitochondrial function. Free Radic Biol Med, 329-338. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39756490


Claymore, S. R. and Allen-Gipson, D. S. (2024). Effects of E-Cigs on Physiological Pathways and Proposed Therapeutic Intervention with Bixin. Biomedicines, 12. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39767612


Farooqi, W., Hussamuldin, A., Alabdullah, A., Albatati, A., Alshathri, F. S., Alabdullah, S. and Alzuhair, A. (2024). Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Among Electronic Cigarette-Smoking University Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cureus, 12, e74999. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39749097


Lupo, G., Anfuso, C. D., Smecca, G., Cosentino, A., Agafonova, A., Prinzi, C., Ferrauto, R. J., Turzo, S., Rapisarda, V. and Ledda, C. (2025). Assessing the impact of e-cigarettes on human barrier systems: A systematic review. Transl Res, 39-63. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39818315


Maan, M., U, J. P., Mohamed, D. A., Jalaleddine, N., Abuzayeda, M., Khamis, A. H., Dutta, M. and Moharamzadeh, K. (2024). The Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Oral Microbiome and Metabolome in 3D Tissue-Engineered Models. Int Dent J. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39743449


Cichonska, D., Kusiak, A. and Goniewicz, M. L. (2024). The Impact of E-Cigarettes on Oral Health-A Narrative Review. Dent J (Basel), 12. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39727461


Ganapathy, V., Jaganathan, R., Chinnaiyan, M., Chengizkhan, G., Sadhasivam, B., Manyanga, J., Ramachandran, I. and Queimado, L. (2024). E-Cigarette Effects on Oral Health: A Molecular Perspective. Food Chem Toxicol, 115216. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39736445


Kastratovic, N., Milosevic-Djordjevic, O., Harrell, C. R., Djonov, V. and Volarevic, V. (2024). Effects of combustible cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems on the regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells derived from periodontal ligament (PDL-MSCs). Histol Histopathol, 18854. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39686917


Lawand, J., Ghali, A., Hauck, J., Trejo Corona, S., Gonzalez, R. and Deveza, L. (2024). The Smokeless Paradox: Nontobacco Nicotine Use and Complications in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39705814


Scherer, G., Pluym, N. and Scherer, M. (2024). Oral health risks in adults who use electronic nicotine delivery systems and oral nicotine pouches: a critical review of the literature and qualitative synthesis of the available evidence. Harm Reduct J, 1, 229. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39736680


Toluwalashe, S., Aremu, O., Ekerin, O., Lawal, A., Oluwatobi, F., Adebayo, V., Akingbola, A., Olaniyan, S., Progress, A. and Aborode, A. T. (2024). Seizure Susceptibility in E-cigarette Users: Navigating the Clinical Management and Public Health Considerations. Subst Use, 29768357241304298. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39618920


Earlier news and research

For news items and research on this topic earlier than 2025, click here.

Intro
Chapter 2