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6.11 Tolerance, dependence and withdrawal
Foreword

Relevant news and research: Pharmacokinetics

Jafarzadeh, N. S., Harlow, A. F., Walsh, C. A., Whaley, R. C., Han, D. H., Leventhal, A. M. and Barrington-Trimis, J. L. (2025). Assessment of nicotine and cannabis co-use among adolescents and the association with nicotine and cannabis dependence symptoms. Addict Behav, 108471. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40886685


Ginting, T., Nasrun, M. W., Siste, K., Pandelaki, J., Kekalih, A., Louisa, M., Susanto, A. D. A., Utami, D. S., Indriatmi, W., Tarigan, I. N., Nathaniel, R. and Trishna, A. R. (2025). Translation, Validity, and Reliability of the Minnesota Tobacco Withdrawal Scale (MTWS) in Indonesian. Cureus, 7, e87986. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40821244


Al-Krenawi, A., Al-Natsheh, N., Al-Habies, F. A., Abudoush, A., Al-Ja'afreh, S., Alqudah, A., Awawdeh, A. S. and Patel, D. V. (2025). Short-Term Tobacco Abstinence: Effects on Emotional Balance and Psychological Alienation. Healthcare (Basel), 14. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40724711


Rabin, R. A., Lerman, C., Schnoll, R., Tyndale, R. F. and George, T. P. (2025). A multi-site study examining the tobacco withdrawal trajectory in people with tobacco and cannabis co-use. Drug Alcohol Depend, 112778. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40633181


Shankar, K., Zahedi, S. and George, O. (2025). The influence of stress and social defeat on neurobiological reinforcement mechanisms across reward to withdrawal in nicotine addiction. Psychopharmacology (Berl). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40715842


Zhang, Q., Tian, Y., He, B., Zhang, W., Liu, X. and Hao, J. (2025). Theobromine prevents affective symptoms of nicotine withdrawal by modulating the neuroendocrine and immune systems, as well as the glutathione mechanism in the hippocampus. IBRO Neurosci Rep, 160-173. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40620832


Branstetter, S. A., Krebs, N. M., Chen, A., Sun, D., Zhu, J. and Muscat, J. E. (2025). Temporal Dynamics of Smoking Urges: Investigating Morning Cravings, Nicotine Dependence, and Smoking Behaviors. Subst Use Misuse, 1-Jul. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40400143


Ren, Z., Wang, J., Cheng, Y., Ma, Y., Dong, Y., Lu, Y., Xue, T., Huang, G., Yu, D., Dong, F. and Yuan, K. (2025). The Phase-Amplitude Coupling Changes Induced by Smoking Cue After 12-H Abstinence in Young Smokers. Addict Biol, 5, e70048. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40389362


Betts, J. M., Baker, T. B., Bolt, D. M., Zwaga, D., Piper, M. E., McCarthy, D. E., Schlam, T. R., Kaye, J. T., Johnson, A. L. and Cook, J. W. (2025). Expanding the scope of the withdrawal syndrome: Anhedonia as a core nicotine withdrawal symptom. J Psychopathol Clin Sci. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40193440


Lespine, L. F., Rueda-Delgado, L. M., Vahey, N., Ruddy, K. L., Kiiski, H., Enz, N., Boyle, R., Rai, L., Pragulbickaite, G., Bricker, J. B., McHugh, L. and Whelan, R. (2025). Changes in inhibition-related brain function and psychological flexibility during smoking abstinence: A machine-learning prediction of time to relapse. Eur Addict Res, 45683. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40288368


Petersen, N., Apostol, M. R., Jordan, T., Ngo, T. D. P., Kearley, N. W., London, E. D. and Leuchter, A. F. (2025). Comparing neuromodulation targets to reduce cigarette craving and withdrawal: a randomized clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40281039


Dyer, W. G., Leventhal, A. M., Chung, Y. I., Wilson, S. J. and Bello, M. S. (2025). Psychomotor Restlessness And Agitation And Tobacco Withdrawal. Nicotine Tob Res. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40088458


Earlier news and research

For news items and research on this topic earlier than 2025, click here.

Intro
Chapter 2